Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations between sociodemographic characteristics, gestational age at abortion and abortion-related maternal death
| Women who died of abortion* (n=253) |
Women who survived abortion* (n=89 194) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)† Missing indicator (n=89 443) |
P value | Adjusted OR ‡ (95% CI)† Missing indicator (n=89 443) |
P value§ | |
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||
| 15–19 | 36 (13.5) | 3591 (4.0) | 6.53 (1.71 to 24.95) | <0.001 | 7.79 (2.73 to 22.23) | <0.001 |
| 20–24 | 59 (23.6) | 25 775 (28.9) | 3.13 (1.06 to 9.22) | 4.29 (2.00 to 9.20) | ||
| 25–29 | 54 (19.9) | 29 310 (32.3) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 30–34 | 42 (17.0) | 17 640 (19.8) | 0.8 (0.31 to 2.04) | 1.12 (0.63 to 1.96) | ||
| 35–39 | 38 (15.6) | 8975 (10.2) | 4.1 (1.18 to 14.28) | 5.95 (2.11 to 16.81) | ||
| 40–44 | 16 (5.7) | 2903 (3.5) | 1.51 (0.55 to 4.16) | 2.07 (1.06 to 4.07) | ||
| ≥45 | 8 (4.8) | 1000 (1.3) | 3.52 (1.1 to 11.22) | 4.35 (1.77 to 10.67) | ||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 24 (13.0) | 16 601 (21.4) | 1.00 (ref) | <0.001 | 1.00 (ref) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 225 (86.2) | 72 593 (78.6) | 4.56 (2.46 to 8.47) | 3.28 (1.76 to 6.11) | ||
| Missing | 4 (0.4) | 0 (0) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Religion | ||||||
| Hindu | 202 (81.5) | 73 340 (81.0) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.4193 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.1618 |
| Others | 48 (18.9) | 15 712 (22.2) | 0.82 (0.33 to 2.02) | 0.94 (0.35 to 2.55) | ||
| Missing | 3 (0.8) | 142 (0.2) | N/A | N/A¶ | ||
| Social group | ||||||
| Others | 167 (68.5) | 64 591 (73.2) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.0138 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.0035 |
| Schedule caste | 48 (18.5) | 16 656 (19.9) | 1.38 (0.52 to 3.66) | 1.25 (0.43 to 3.60) | ||
| Schedule tribe | 35 (11.8) | 7805 (6.8) | 4.77 (1.74 to 13.05) | 4.06 (1.39 to 11.87) | ||
| Missing | 3 (1.1) | 143 (0.2) | N/A | N/A¶ | ||
| Wealth/asset index | ||||||
| 5: Highest | 45 (22.4) | 20 678 (23.3) | 1.00 (ref) | <0.001 | 1.00 (ref) | <0.001 |
| 4 | 47 (16.9) | 18 242 (20.4) | 0.86 (0.53 to 1.40) | 0.65 (0.39 to 1.10) | ||
| 3 | 52 (18.8) | 16 452 (19.1) | 5.81 (2.76 to 12.22) | 3.81 (1.86 to 7.83) | ||
| 2 | 54 (18.7) | 14 646 (15.9) | 2.18 (0.85 to 5.61) | 1.33 (0.50 to 3.57) | ||
| 1: Lowest | 44 (18.7) | 12 799 (14.1) | 3.56 (1.42 to 8.92) | 2.08 (0.73 to 5.94) | ||
| Missing | 11 (4.5) | 6377 (7.1) | N/A | 0.33 (0.16 to 0.70) | ||
| Gestational month | ||||||
| <5 months | 205 (77.8) | 86 792 (97.2) | 1.00 (ref) | <0.001 | 1.00 (ref) | <0.001 |
| ≥5 months | 21 (10.1) | 2337 (2.7) | 1.87 (0.97 to 3.61) | 1.58 (0.80 to 3.13) | ||
| Missing | 27 (6.0) | 65 (0.1) | N/A | N/A¶ |
*Frequencies are unweighted (true counts). Rates/proportions are weighted for survey design and clustering effects.
†The 95% CIs were calculated using linearised standard errors.
‡Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for the other variables/potential risk factors in the final model.
§ P value for a Wald test indicating whether the incremental adjustment for an independent variable significantly improves the fit of the model.
¶N/As are shown because the OR associated with the missing category was extremely large, which can be explained by the small number of missing values in each group.
**P value for a t-test showing the significance level for the overall univariable regression model.