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. 2019 May 3;10:559. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00559

Table 4.

Category costs for traditional ground and UAV in field yield monitoring.

Area (ha) Survey time (h) Survey cost ($) Elaboration time (h) Elaboration cost ($) Time (h) UAV ($) Total Cost ($) Cost excluding UAV ($)
Ground 5 2.1 33.6 0.2 2.7 2.3 36.3 36.3
10 4.2 67.2 0.3 5.3 4.6 72.4 72.4
50 20.8 332.8 1.7 26.7 22.4 359.6 359.6
UAV 5 0.2 4.8 0.8 16.0 1.0 206.7 227.5 20.8
10 0.4 9.6 1.7 34.0 2.1 206.7 250.3 43.6
50 1.7 40.8 8.3 166.0 10.0 206.7 413.5 206.8