Table 2.

Results From Linear Mixed Models Showing the Percent Change in Serum Hormone Levels Corresponding to an IQR Increase in Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations

	CRHa				E3a				SHBG
	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value
MBP	652	−8.57 (−21.0, 5.77)	0.230	0.893	652	−2.14 (−15.1, 12.8)	0.766	0.916	652	−2.85 (−10.8, 5.1)	0.483	0.404
MBzP	648	−5.45 (−11.5, 1.05)	0.101	0.792	648	−4.74 (−10.7, 1.62)	0.143	0.220	648	−1.64 (−5.42, 2.13)	0.395	0.715
MCNP	643	−4.08 (−7.24, −0.80)	0.016 b	0.923	643	1.39 (−1.93, 4.82)	0.418	1.000	643	−0.97 (−2.76, 0.81)	0.288	0.907
MCOP	644	−6.16 (−15.3, 3.95)	0.225	0.505	644	−0.76 (−10.2, 9.66)	0.881	0.250	644	−5.66 (−11.2, −0.08)	0.049	0.781
MCPP	646	−5.25 (−8.26, −2.14)	0.001 b	0.861	646	0.70 (−2.44, 3.94)	0.669	0.928	646	−1.24 (−2.99, 0.51)	0.167	0.642
MECPP	649	−18.4 (−30.4, −4.37)	0.013 b	0.334	649	−0.30 (−14.6, 16.4)	0.970	0.485	649	−2.46 (−11.3, 6.42)	0.588	0.411
MEHHP	648	−13.4 (−22.7, −2.92)	0.015 b	0.315	648	−4.85 (−14.9, 6.4)	0.385	0.757	648	−4.38 (−10.6, 1.83)	0.169	0.697
MEHP	647	−5.15 (−10.5, 0.57)	0.079	0.414	647	−1.56 (−7.06, 4.27)	0.593	0.292	647	−0.11 (−3.38, 3.16)	0.948	0.407
MEOHP	646	−12.7 (−22.2, −2.2)	0.020 b	0.508	646	−1.74 (−12.1, 9.91)	0.760	0.575	646	−3.10 (−9.30, 3.10)	0.329	0.598
MEP	644	−1.3 (−13.2, 12.2)	0.841	0.584	644	6.09 (−6.32, 20.1)	0.353	0.400	644	−1.53 (−8.70, 5.64)	0.676	0.849
MiBP	648	0.91 (−11.6, 15.2)	0.894	0.878	648	−7.07 (−18.2, 5.55)	0.261	0.777	648	−2.85 (−10.3, 4.60)	0.455	0.875
MHBP	435	0.08 (−4.43, 4.81)	0.972	0.674	435	0.93 (−3.4, 5.46)	0.680	0.954	435	−0.98 (−3.44, 1.48)	0.437	0.354
MHiBP	437	−1.46 (−11.7, 10.0)	0.794	0.730	437	−0.51 (−10.5, 10.6)	0.925	0.417	437	−2.94 (−9.31, 3.43)	0.368	0.660
MECPTP	153	9.18 (−5.64, 26.3)	0.247	0.391	153	0.87 (−14.8, 19.4)	0.921	0.074	153	−2.54 (−10.1, 4.98)	0.513	0.058
MEHHTP	153	6.47 (−2.43, 16.2)	0.169	0.912	153	−0.79 (−10.3, 9.78)	0.879	0.109	153	−1.35 (−6.12, 3.42)	0.583	0.156
MONP	153	2.15 (−4.14, 8.86)	0.516	0.627	153	−0.42 (−7.44, 7.14)	0.911	0.700	153	0.26 (−3.11, 3.62)	0.881	0.995

	Progesterone a				TSH a				fT4
	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value
MBP	652	2.73 (−8.84, 15.8)	0.659	0.110	644	3.94 (−12.2, 23)	0.653	0.483	652	3.39 (0.11, 6.67)	0.044	0.685
MBzP	648	−2.28 (−7.47, 3.2)	0.408	0.936	639	0.26 (−7.54, 8.72)	0.949	0.720	647	1.28 (−0.25, 2.81)	0.102	0.364
MCNP	643	−2.49 (−5.15, 0.25)	0.076	0.562	635	−0.07 (−3.70, 3.69)	0.968	0.704	643	0.51 (−0.24, 1.25)	0.187	0.520
MCOP	644	−9.85 (−17.0, −2.03)	0.016	0.739	636	2.23 (−9.08, 14.9)	0.713	0.811	644	3.03 (0.74, 5.33)	0.011 b	0.070
MCPP	646	−1.73 (−4.29, 0.90)	0.197	0.652	638	1.34 (−2.31, 5.13)	0.479	0.747	646	1.31 (0.59, 2.03)	0.000 b	0.155
MECPP	649	−8.48 (−19.6, 4.19)	0.182	0.850	641	16.4 (−3.59, 40.5)	0.116	0.983	649	1.55 (−2.08, 5.19)	0.404	0.727
MEHHP	648	−5.08 (−13.5, 4.19)	0.275	0.661	640	10.7 (−2.89, 26.3)	0.130	0.939	648	0.78 (−1.79, 3.36)	0.552	0.904
MEHP	647	−1.17 (−5.81, 3.69)	0.631	0.846	639	1.76 (−5.06, 9.07)	0.623	0.722	647	0.64 (−0.70, 1.98)	0.349	0.935
MEOHP	646	−3.04 (−11.7, 6.45)	0.518	0.680	638	11.4 (−2.19, 26.9)	0.106	0.985	646	1.19 (−1.38, 3.76)	0.364	0.899
MEP	644	−4.91 (−14.3, 5.48)	0.343	0.240	636	−11.9 (−24.4, 2.61)	0.105	0.588	644	0.642 (−2.28, 3.57)	0.668	0.142
MiBP	648	−1.08 (−11.1, 10.1)	0.843	0.684	640	5.24 (−10.3, 23.4)	0.531	0.544	648	0.61 (−2.43, 3.65)	0.695	0.787
MHBP	435	−0.86 (−4.47, 2.89)	0.649	0.250	433	1.93 (−3.75, 7.95)	0.514	0.962	435	1.11 (−0.004, 2.22)	0.054	0.219
MHiBP	437	−7.19 (−15.0, 1.37)	0.101	0.340	435	6.2 (−8.05, 22.7)	0.416	0.481	437	0.54 (−2.18, 3.27)	0.696	0.242
MECPTP	153	−7.43 (−18.4, 5.07)	0.241	0.195	153	−0.72 (−17.7, 19.7)	0.940	0.370	153	1.99 (−2.15, 6.14)	0.353	0.972
MEHHTP	153	−7.3 (−14.1, 0.045)	0.060	0.129	153	0.64 (−10.6, 13.3)	0.917	0.512	153	0.75 (−1.75, 3.24)	0.561	0.818
MONP	153	0.84 (−4.64, 6.62)	0.772	0.954	153	−3.01 (−10.7, 5.31)	0.472	0.560	153	0.24 (−1.56, 2.05)	0.793	0.585

	T3				T4				Testosterone a
	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value
MBP	650	6.19 (1.70, 10.7)	0.008 b	0.591	651	4.61 (0.25, 8.96)	0.040	0.815	648	9.49 (−4.45, 25.5)	0.194	0.681
MBzP	645	2.18 (0.042, 4.32)	0.048 b	0.701	646	1.97 (−0.10, 4.03)	0.064	0.325	643	1.53 (−4.85, 8.35)	0.647	0.156
MCNP	641	0.88 (−0.11, 1.87)	0.083	0.907	642	0.46 (−0.51, 1.44)	0.351	0.963	639	−0.23 (−3.26, 2.90)	0.885	0.026
MCOP	642	5.24 (2.13, 8.35)	0.001 b	0.633	643	4.02 (1.00, 7.03)	0.010 b	0.553	640	5.46 (−4.13, 16.0)	0.276	0.004
MCPP	644	1.88 (0.91, 2.86)	0.000 b	0.953	645	1.85 (0.91, 2.79)	0.000 b	0.539	642	−1.46 (−4.35, 1.53)	0.337	0.163
MECPP	647	10.6 (5.63, 15.6)	0.000 b	0.382	648	2.36 (−2.50, 7.23)	0.342	0.985	645	−8.77 (−21.7, 6.28)	0.241	0.214
MEHHP	646	5.05 (1.55, 8.56)	0.005 b	0.468	647	0.16 (−3.25, 3.57)	0.927	0.801	644	−2.69 (−12.6, 8.30)	0.618	0.202
MEHP	645	1.45 (−0.38, 3.29)	0.123	0.132	646	0.87 (−0.92, 2.66)	0.343	0.863	643	1.32 (−4.22, 7.18)	0.648	0.228
MEOHP	644	5.94 (2.45, 9.43)	0.001 b	0.494	645	1.20 (−2.20, 4.60)	0.489	0.734	642	−1.39 (−11.4, 9.72)	0.798	0.177
MEP	642	3.21 (−0.84, 7.26)	0.122	0.997	643	0.09 (−3.82, 3.99)	0.965	0.394	640	−14.5 (−24.3, −3.42)	0.013	0.443
MiBP	646	4.43 (0.21, 8.66)	0.041 b	0.510	647	−0.67 (−4.74, 3.40)	0.747	0.639	644	−0.84 (−12.7, 12.7)	0.897	0.319
MHBP	435	1.53 (0.031, 3.03)	0.048 b	0.575	435	0.45 (−1.03, 1.92)	0.556	0.480	436	4.71 (0.27, 9.35)	0.040	0.902
MHiBP	437	4.9 (1.13, 8.67)	0.012 b	0.913	437	−1.03 (−4.67, 2.61)	0.581	0.596	438	1.44 (−8.88, 12.9)	0.794	0.121
MECPTP	153	2.6 (−2.92, 8.11)	0.363	0.527	153	1.34 (−3.67, 6.35)	0.604	0.121	153	2.15 (−13.1, 20.1)	0.798	0.639
MEHHTP	153	2.39 (−0.96, 5.74)	0.171	0.653	153	0.72 (−2.33, 3.77)	0.648	0.247	153	0.38 (−9.00, 10.7)	0.940	0.542
MONP	153	2.88 (0.49, 5.27)	0.025 b	0.277	153	1.08 (−1.09, 3.25)	0.337	0.998	153	−2.84 (−9.43, 4.23)	0.427	0.146

	Progesterone/E3 a				T3/T4
	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value	N	%Δ (95% CI)	P	Visit P Value
MBP	652	5.33 (−8.08, 20.7)	0.456	0.113	649	1.14 (−4.04, 6.32)	0.666	0.507
MBzP	648	2.63 (−3.61, 9.26)	0.419	0.155	644	0.18 (−2.27, 2.63)	0.886	0.203
MCNP	643	−3.8 (−6.78, −0.73)	0.017	0.634	640	0.41 (−0.75, 1.57)	0.493	0.891
MCOP	644	−9.02 (−17.4, 0.15)	0.055	0.283	641	1.41 (−2.21, 5.03)	0.446	0.961
MCPP	646	−2.28 (−5.2, 0.72)	0.137	0.742	643	0.06 (−1.08, 1.19)	0.923	0.895
MECPP	649	−8.1 (−20.9, 6.75)	0.271	0.358	646	7.79 (2.06, 13.5)	0.009	0.645
MEHHP	648	−0.18 (−10.3, 11.1)	0.974	0.502	645	4.68 (0.64, 8.73)	0.025	0.962
MEHP	647	0.54 (−4.88, 6.26)	0.850	0.185	644	0.31 (−1.81, 2.43)	0.776	0.505
MEOHP	646	−1.05 (−11.1, 10.1)	0.847	0.334	643	4.58 (0.55, 8.61)	0.027	0.956
MEP	644	−9.63 (−19.8, 1.86)	0.099	0.871	641	3.15 (−1.49, 7.78)	0.186	0.521
MiBP	648	6.53 (−5.89, 20.6)	0.319	0.978	645	4.75 (−0.07, 9.56)	0.055	0.732
MHBP	435	−1.66 (−5.75, 2.61)	0.443	0.335	435	0.96 (−0.86, 2.77)	0.304	0.301
MHiBP	437	−6.64 (−15.8, 3.54)	0.196	0.799	437	4.97 (0.50, 9.44)	0.032	0.704
MECPTP	153	−5.33 (-19.5, 11.4)	0.513	0.531	153	1.32 (−4.62, 7.25)	0.667	0.298
MEHHTP	153	−4.81 (−13.6, 4.92)	0.328	0.822	153	1.49 (−2.14, 5.12)	0.426	0.356
MONP	153	0.92 (−5.96, 8.29)	0.802	0.950	153	1.66 (−0.94, 4.27)	0.220	0.289

All models were adjusted for categorical maternal age, ordinal maternal education, study visit, and specific gravity. Visit P indicates significance of an interaction term between study visit and log(phthalate). Boldface type indicates a 95% CI.

^aHormone levels were natural log-transformed for all analyses.

^bAssociations between phthalates and hormones that have a q value <0.1.