Kidd 1985.
Methods | Quasi‐RCT (by date of birth). | |
Participants | 396 women admitted to the antenatal ward after 26 weeks' gestation for maternal/fetal/obstetric reasons (including: hypertension, preterm labour, antepartum haemorrhage, diabetes, cardiac disease, suspected fetal growth restriction). | |
Interventions | Intervention: CTG revealed: daily for 30 minutes (N = 198). Control: CTG concealed: daily for 30 minutes (N = 198). |
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Outcomes | Obstetric interventions, fetal compromise, fetal outcome, mode of birth, spontaneous/induced labour, use of intrapartum CTG, fetal distress, Apgar scores. | |
Notes |
Subgroups: increased risk/singletons or multiples/mixed gestation at trial entry. Outcomes not specified in the review protocol: this study also assessed: operative vaginal births; use of intrapartum CTG. |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | Allocation by 1st numeral of date of birth. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | Open quasi‐RCT as 'Date of birth'. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Participant: unclear. Clinician: no, it was not possible to blind clinicians. We have scored this 'no' as the clinician will make many of the judgements regarding care and outcomes, particularly the primary outcome of CS could be biased by the intervention not being blinded. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Blinding of outcomes assessors not described. Authors mention that "Information was made available to the clinicians and this did not apparently affect the outcome...". |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No loss to follow‐up. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Outcomes do not seem to be prespecified. |
Other bias | Low risk | There are no obvious other biases. |