Kidd 1985.

Methods	Quasi‐RCT (by date of birth).
Participants	396 women admitted to the antenatal ward after 26 weeks' gestation for maternal/fetal/obstetric reasons (including: hypertension, preterm labour, antepartum haemorrhage, diabetes, cardiac disease, suspected fetal growth restriction).
Interventions	Intervention: CTG revealed: daily for 30 minutes (N = 198). Control: CTG concealed: daily for 30 minutes (N = 198).
Outcomes	Obstetric interventions, fetal compromise, fetal outcome, mode of birth, spontaneous/induced labour, use of intrapartum CTG, fetal distress, Apgar scores.
Notes	Subgroups: increased risk/singletons or multiples/mixed gestation at trial entry. Outcomes not specified in the review protocol: this study also assessed: operative vaginal births; use of intrapartum CTG.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Allocation by 1st numeral of date of birth.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Open quasi‐RCT as 'Date of birth'.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participant: unclear. Clinician: no, it was not possible to blind clinicians. We have scored this 'no' as the clinician will make many of the judgements regarding care and outcomes, particularly the primary outcome of CS could be biased by the intervention not being blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding of outcomes assessors not described. Authors mention that "Information was made available to the clinicians and this did not apparently affect the outcome...".
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No loss to follow‐up.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Outcomes do not seem to be prespecified.
Other bias	Low risk	There are no obvious other biases.