Table 3.
Summary of data from studies which reported screw diameter in relation to a measure of fixation strength.
|
Study |
Screw Diameter, mm (Vertebral Level) |
Average Pullout Strength, N (Vertebral Level) |
Max. Insertional Torque, Nm (Vertebral Level) |
Insertion Technique |
Screw Length, mm |
Screw Type/Brand |
Average Age (range) |
Average BMD [g/cm2] |
Sample Size |
| Gayet et al39 | 4.0 or 5.0 (T1–12) | 820 ± 418, 1395 ± 435 (T1–12) | NA | 40 | NA | 62 (NA) | Normal | 24 | |
| Carmouche et al56 | 4.2 (T1–6) | 288.2 (T1–6) | NA | NA | USS, Synthes West Chester, PA | NA | 0.833 | 102 | |
| 5 (T7–12) | 361.5 (T7–12) | ||||||||
| Helgeson et al25 | 5.0 (±0.80) or 5.70 (±1.05) (T1–12) | 712.3 ± 223.1, 877.9 ± 235.2 (T1–12) | Straightforward | NA | Monoaxial, Medtronic Sofamor-Danek, Memphis, TN | NA | 0.6 ± 0.07 | 30 | |
| Paik et al38 | 5 (T1–12) | Normal BMD = 1049 ± 202, osteoporotic = 813 ± 228 (T1–12) | Straightforward | 35–45 | Polyaxial, CD Horizon Legacy Medtronic Sofamor-Danek | 81.5 (69–88) | 1.05, 0.563 | 15 | |
| Heller et al26 | 3.5 (T1–4) | 775 (T1) | NA | NA | Cortical Screw, Synthes, West Chester, PA | 75 (NA) | NA | 35 | |
| 747.5 (T2) | |||||||||
| 596.0 (T3) | |||||||||
| 544.2 (T4) | |||||||||
| Liljenqvist et al22 | 4.8 or 5.5 (T4–8) | 531.7 ± 213.8 (T4–8) | NA | T4–8: 35–40 T9–12: 45–50 | Munster System, Schorndorf, Germany | 74.3 (60–89) | 1.097 | 45 | |
| 5.5, 6.5 or 7.2 (T9–12) | 807.9 ± 207 (T9–12) | ||||||||
| Brasiliense et al10 | 4.5 (T6–11) | 839.6 ± 337.2 (T6–11) | Straightforward | 50 | Pangea System, Medtronic Spinal and Biologics | 53 (32–82) | 0.674 | 10 | |
| Hongo et al27 | 5.5 (T5–12) | 672 ± 412 (T5–12) | Anatomical | NA | Polyaxial, Abbott Spine, Bordeaux France | 75.8 ± 12 | 0.8 ± 0.28 | 8 | |
| Carmouche et al56 | 4.2 (T1–6) | 1.36 (T1–6) | NA | 40 | USS, Synthes, West Chester, PA | NA | 0.833 | 102 | |
| 5 (T7–12) | 1.79 (T7–12) | ||||||||
| Mishiro et al40 | 3.5 and 4.0 (T1–12) | 0.550 (±0.116), 0.588 (T1–12) | NA | NA | NA | 62.3 (48–70) | NA | 33 | |
| Matsukawa et al28 | 5.5 and 6.5 (T9–12) | 1.02 (±0.25) and 0.66 (±0.15) (T9–12) | Anatomical | 35-40 | Polyaxial Medtronic Sofamaor-Danek, Memphis, TN | 77.3 (65–83) | NA | 44 |
Abbreviation: BMD, bone mass density, NA, not available.