Table 4.
Summary of data from studies which reported screw diameter in relation to breach rate.
|
Study |
Screw Diameter, mm (Vertebral Level) |
Breach Rate, % (Vertebral Level) |
Insertion Technique |
Screw Length (mm) |
Average Age (Range) |
Sample Size |
| Belmont et al42 | 4.5 (T1) | 50 (T1) | NA | NA | 24 (6–56) | 279 |
| 4.5 (T2) | 75 (T2) | |||||
| 4.5 (T3) | 60 (T3) | |||||
| 4.5 (T4) | 79 (T4) | |||||
| 4.5 (T5) | 79 (T5) | |||||
| 4.5 (T6) | 65 (T6) | |||||
| 4.5 (T7) | 55 (T7) | |||||
| 4.5 (T8) | 47 (T8) | |||||
| 4.5 (T9) | 43 (T9) | |||||
| 5.5 or 6.5 (T10) | 28 (T10) | |||||
| 5.5 or 6.5 (T11) | 25 (T11) | |||||
| 5.5 or 6.5 (T12) | 24 (T12) | |||||
| Koktekir et al41 | 4.0–5.0 (T1–12) | 0 (T1) | NA | 30–50 | 56.5 (14–82) | 256 |
| 0 (T1) | ||||||
| 0 (T2) | ||||||
| 0 (T3) | ||||||
| 0 (T4) | ||||||
| 0 (T5) | ||||||
| 0 (T6) | ||||||
| 0 (T7) | ||||||
| 0 (T8) | ||||||
| 0 (T9) | ||||||
| 2.40 (T10) | ||||||
| 4.20 (T11) | ||||||
| 1.50 (T12) | ||||||
| Cho et al45 | >7.7 (T1) | 100 (T1–12) | Anatomical | NA | 74.5 (61–82) | 162 |
| >6.5 (T2) | ||||||
| >6.5 (T3) | ||||||
| >5.8 (T4) | ||||||
| >6.6 (T5) | ||||||
| >6.5 (T6) | ||||||
| >6.5 (T7) | ||||||
| >7.5 (T8) | ||||||
| >7.7 (T9) | ||||||
| >7.7 (T10) | ||||||
| >7.5 (T11) | ||||||
| >7.9 (T12) | ||||||
| Holly et al30 | 4, 4.5 and 5.5 (T1–12) | 7.80 (T1–12) | †Anatomical | NA | NA | 64 |
| Chan et al29 | 5 (T1–6) | 10.40 (T1–12) | NA | NA | NA | 240 |
| 6 (T7–12) | ||||||
| Ranade et al43 | 3.5–5.5 (T1–12) | 0 (T1) | NA | 25–30 | 4.6 (3.25–7.9) | 30 |
| 25 (T2) | ||||||
| 0 (T3) | ||||||
| 0 (T4) | ||||||
| 0 (T5) | ||||||
| 0 (T6) | ||||||
| 0 (T10) | ||||||
| 25 (T11) | ||||||
| 12.50 (T12) | ||||||
| Mac-Thiong et al44 | 4.5 (T1–11) | 16.70 (T1) | Sagittal angle of 15° | 38 | NA “elderly” | 66 |
| 0 (T2) | ||||||
| 0 (T3) | ||||||
| 16.70 (T4) | ||||||
| 0 (T5) | ||||||
| 0 (T6) | ||||||
| 0 (T7) | ||||||
| 16.70 (T8) | ||||||
| 16.70 (T9) | ||||||
| 16.70 (T10) | ||||||
| 0 (T11) | ||||||
| Hart et al31 | 4 (T1, T2) | 9 (T1, T2) | Unique starting point | 30 | NA | 129 |
| 4 (T4–7) | 47 (T4–7) | |||||
| 4.5 (T9, T10) | 16 (T9, T10) | |||||
| Fujimoto et al32 | ||||||
| Group 1 | 4.7 ± 0.8 (T2) | 0 (T1) | NA | NA | 56 (31–79) | 16 and 22 |
| 4.0 ± 0.0 (T3) | 0 (T3) | |||||
| 5.5 ± 0.0 (T8) | 0 (T8) | |||||
| 5.5 ± .8 (T9) | 14 (T9) | |||||
| Group 2 | 4.2 ± 0.3 (T2) | 33 (T2) | ||||
| 4.0 ± 0.0 (T3) | 100 (T3) | |||||
| 4.5 ± 0.0 (T4) | 67 (T4) | |||||
| 4.2 ± 0.3 (T5) | 50 (T5) | |||||
| 4.7 ± 0.9 (T6) | 75 (T6) | |||||
| 5.5 ± 0.0 (T7) | 0 (T7) | |||||
| 5.3 ± 0.4 (T8) | 50 (T8) | |||||
| 4.5 ± 0.9 (T9) | 67 (T9) | |||||
| Payer et al5 | 4.5 (T1–7) | 10 (T1–7) | Straightforward | 30–40 | 40 (20–65) | 62 |
Abbreviation: NA, not available.