Table 3. Non-human primate studies on the relationship of cognitive and emotional processes with pupillary function and activation of cortical/subcortical areas.
Characteristics of studies investigating which tasks and/or sensorial stimulus evoked a pupillary response and which cerebral areas were simultaneously activated.
| Source | Species | Pupillary assessment | Cortical and subcortical Recorded activity | Cognitive task | Sensory stimulus | Pupillary dilation | Pupillary responses other than dilation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hampson, Opris & Deadwyler (2010) | Rhesus Macaque (n = 4) | EyeLink 1000 (SR Research) | Frontal Cortex (Area 8) | Visual Delayed Match to Sample | N/A | Yes | None |
| Iriki et al. (1996) | Japanese Macaque (n = 2) | MOS camera under infrared illumination | Somatosensory Cortex (Area 3, Postcentral Gyrus, finger hand region) | Button Pushing | N/A | Yes | None |
| N/A | Passive Skin Stimulation | No | None | ||||
| Joshi et al. (2016) | Rhesus Macaque (n = 5) | EyeLink 1000 (SR Research) | Locus Coeruleus Inferior and Superior Colliculus, Anterior and Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 32, 23 and 31) | a | N/A | Yes | Oscillations |
| Startling Tone | Yes | None | |||||
| Montefusco-Siegmund, Leonard & Hoffman (2017) | Rhesus Macaque (n = 2) | iViewX Hi-Speed (SBI) | Hippocampus | Visual Search and Detection | N/A | Yes | None |
| N/A | Visual presentation of natural scenes | Yes | None | ||||
| Suzuki, Kunimatsu & Tanaka (2016) | Japanese Macaque (n = 3) | iRecHS2 (AIST) | N/A | Time production/ Memory Task | N/A | Yes | None |
| Ebitz et al. (2015) | Rhesus Macaque (n = 2) | EyeLink 1000 (SR Research) | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Area 24) | Task Conflict and Error | N/A | N/A | Differences in pupils’ baselines |
| Ebitz, Pearson & Platt (2014) | Rhesus Macaque (n = 4) | EyeLink 1000 (SR Research) | N/A | Visual Orienting With Distractors | N/A | N/A | Differences in pupils’ baselines |
| Cash-Padgett et al. (2018) | Rhesus Macaque (n = 2) | EyeLink 1000 (SR Research) | Dorsal and Subgenual Anterior Cingulate (Areas 24,33) | Decision making (gambling task) | N/A | Yes | None |
Notes.
a
No cognitive task required, only fixation.