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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Oral Oncol. 2019 Mar 28;92:59–66. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.03.005

Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses on factors associated with total oral diet achievement after microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) reconstruction following glossectomy.

Characteristics Yes (N=97) No (N=103) Univariate Subdistribution HR p* Multivariate Subdistribution HR p*
N (%) N (%) (95% CI) (95% CI)
Sex
 Female 35 (57) 27 (43)
 Male 62 (45) 76 (55) 0.70 (0.46 – 1.06) 0.096
Mean age (STD) 59 (12) 60 (10) 1 (0.98 – 1.02) 0.661
BMI (kg/m2)
 Normal weight (20–25) 37 (40) 56 (60) -
 Underweight (≤20) 8 (25) 24 (75) 0.55 (0.26 – 1.15) 0.109 0.70 (0.28 – 1.72) 0.433
 Overweight/Obese (>25) 52 (69) 23 (31) 2.44 (1.61 – 3.71) <0.001 1.6 (1.03 – 2.48) 0.036
Smoking history
 Non-user 21 (64) 12 (36) -
 Former/current user 76 (46) 91 (55) 0.54 (0.33 – 0.88) 0.014 0.64 (0.39 – 1.07) 0.088
Alcohol history
 Non-user 47 (48) 50 (52)
 Former/current user 50 (49) 53 (51) 0.92 (0.62 – 1.36) 0.671
HN-CCI score
 0 (none) 67 (46) 80 (54)
 1 (mild) 23 (58) 17 (42) 1.27 (0.80 – 2.01) 0.304
 2 (moderate) 7 (54) 6 (46) 1.18 (0.58 – 2.42) 0.651
Prior radiation
 Yes 20 (29) 50 (71) -
 No 77 (59) 53 (41) 2.68 (1.65 – 4.35) <0.001 3.02 (1.34 – 6.83) 0.008
Prior chemotherapy
 Yes 18 (32) 39 (68) -
 No 79 (55) 64 (45) 2.17 (1.33 – 3.56) 0.002 0.67 (0.28 – 1.62) 0.375
T stage
 0–2 36 (68) 17 (32)
 3–4 61 (42) 86(59) 0.47 (0.31 – 0.71) <0.001
N stage
 0 47 (54) 40 (46)
 1 22 (69) 10 (31) 1.61 (0.95 – 2.71) 0.074
 2–3 28 (35) 53 (65) 0.56 (0.36 – 0.89) 0.014
AJCC stage (7th ed.)
 I-II 21 (72) 8 (28) -
 III-IV 76 (44) 95 (56) 0.48 (0.30 – 0.78) 0.003 0.92 (0.50 – 1.69) 0.777
Tumor laterality
 Bilateral 16 (28) 42 (72) -
 Midline 13 (46) 15 (54) 1.85 (0.92 – 3.73) 0.084 1.34 (0.65 – 2.79) 0.429
 Unilateral 68 (60) 46 (40) 2.84 (1.69 – 4.78) <0.001 1.07 (0.54 – 2.11) 0.846
Tumor extension
 Extension to adjacent site 48 (45) 59 (55)
 No extension 49 (53) 44 (47) 1.39 (0.94 – 2.06) 0.103
Preoperative G-tube dependence
 Yes 9 (18) 41 (82) -
 No 88 (59) 62 (41) 4.46 (2.31 – 8.64) <0.001 2.08 (0.95 – 4.56) 0.066
Preoperative diet
 Abnormala 34 (30) 81 (70) -
 Normal PO 63 (74) 22 (26) 3.78 (2.50 – 5.72) <.0001 1.53 (0.82 – 2.83) 0.178
Flap donor site
 ALT/Scap/Latissimus/AMT 50 (38) 82 (62) -
 Radial/ulnar forearm 32 (73) 12 (27) 3.39 (2.10 – 5.47) <0.001 1.90 (1.13 – 3.19) 0.016
 Fibula 15 (63) 9 (37) 2.02 (1.22 – 3.34) 0.007 1.17 (0.63 – 2.16) 0.625
Amount of tongue resected
 Partial or hemi-oral glossectomy 49 (64) 28 (36) -
 Base of tongue with/without hemi-oral glossectomy 21 (46) 25 (54) 0.53 (0.32 – 0.88) 0.014 0.71 (0.39 – 1.30) 0.269
 Subtotal or total glossectomy 10 (24) 32 (76) 0.24 (0.12 – 0.47) <0.001 0.41 (0.18 – 0.97) 0.043
 Composite 17 (49) 18 (51) 0.56 (0.34 – 0.94) 0.027 0.47 (0.27 – 0.81) 0.007
Hypoglossal nerve removed
 Yes 22 (32) 46 (68) -
 No 75 (57) 57 (43) 2.31 (1.47 – 3.64) <0.001 1.43 (0.85 – 2.42) 0.183
Postoperative radiation
 Yes 72 (49) 75 (51)
 No 25 (47) 28 (53) 1.08 (0.69 – 1.71) 0.730
Postoperative chemoradiation
 Yes 40 (41) 57 (59) -
 No 57 (55) 46 (45) 1.68 (1.13 – 2.51) 0.010 1.87 (1.17 – 2.99) 0.009

Abbreviations: HR, hazards ratio; CI, confidence interval; STD, standard deviation; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; BMI, body mass index; HN-CCI, The Head and Neck Charlson Comorbidity Index; ALT, anterolateral thigh; AMT, anteromedial thigh; Scap, parascapular; PO, per os; G-tube, gastrostomy tube

*

Clinical significance defined as p<0.05

a

Abnormal diet defined as modified PO to liquids or soft diet or any G-tube use