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. 2019 May 8;39(19):3752–3769. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2070-18.2019

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Figure 11. — Emapunil mediates a shift from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory gene expression. Striatal RNA was isolated on day 3 from mice treated with NaCl (black bars), MPTP + DMSO (red bars), or MPTP + Emapunil (green bars) (n = 5 per experimental group). qPCR analysis of mRNA expression: A, Iba1. B, Tspo. C, Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. D, Anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Histographs represent relative mRNA levels normalized to NaCl control condition. One-way ANOVA, in between-group difference: p = 0.000163 (Iba1), p = 0.001157 (Tspo), p = 0.000151 (Tnfa), p < 0.0001 (Cxcl10), p = 0.004103 (Il1b), p = 0.81803 (Mpa2l), p = 0.0039 (Il6), p = 0.019653 (Nos2), p = 0.000377 (Cox2), p = 0.015957 (Arg1), p = 0.008185 (Il10), p = 0.0895 (Il4), p = 0.00057 (Mrc1), p = 0.000336 (Ym1), p = 0.000169 (Fizz2). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; Tukey's post hoc test. n.s. = not significant.