The effects of Emapunil depend on TSPO expression. A, Cytotoxicity measured by adenylate kinase release (ToxiLight luminescence) in differentiated LUHMES cells treated with either TSPO or control siRNA. Experimental groups: DMSO, 10 μm rotenone, 5 μm Emapunil, 10 μm rotenone plus 5 μm Emapunil. Two-way ANOVA: F(3,54) = 3.365, p = 0.0251. **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.001; Tukey post hoc test. B, Cytotoxicity (ToxiLight luminescence assay) in differentiated LUHMES cells with increasing rotenone concentrations. One-way ANOVA, in between-group difference: p < 0.0001. ***p < 0.001 (Tukey post hoc test). C, qPCR analysis of spliced XBP1s/unspliced XBP1 in differentiated LUHMES cells treated with TSPO or control siRNA. Experimental groups as in A. Two-way ANOVA: F(3,82) = 6.458, p = 0.0006. **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.001; Tukey post hoc test. n.s. = not significant.