Table 10. Study characteristics, findings reported and the risk of bias assessments for studies that report on health outcomes (n = 12).
| Study | Country | Study Design | Sample | Disease Category |
Type of Community Involvement |
Type of Outcome | Relevant Findings | Risk of bias | |||||
| s | p | d | a | r | Overall | ||||||||
| Solomon et al 2014 [49] | United Kingdom | RCT (Stepped wedge cluster) | 10,412 adults (intervention = 4693; control = 5719) | Healthy Living | Intervention developed with local partners using local knowledge and resources to facilitate local involvement in planning, promotion, and delivery of a physical activity intervention. | Health Outcome | 1) Intervention did not increase the odds of adults meeting the physical activity guidelines (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.17; P = 0.80). 2) Weak evidence of an increase in minutes of moderate-and-vigorous-intensity activity per week (adjusted mean difference = 171, 95% CI: -16 to 358; P = 0.07). | High | |||||
|
Caprara et al 2015 [17] |
Brazil | RCT | 10 intervention clusters, 10 control clusters | Infectious Disease | Intervention adopted an eco-health approach to involve community through workshops, clean-up campaigns, mobilization of school children and seniors, and distribution of information, education and communication materials. | Health Outcome | 1) Impact on vector densities—overall vector density increased from dry season (pre-intervention) to the rainy season (post-intervention) as expected, but the increase was significantly higher in the control area (p-values: House Index = 0.029; Container Index = 0.020; Breteau Index = 0.014, Pupae per person = 0.023) demonstrating the protective efficacy of the intervention. | Low | |||||
| Study | Country | Study Design | Sample | Disease Category |
Type of Community Involvement |
Type of Outcome | Relevant Findings | Risk of bias | |||||
| s | p | d | a | r | Overall | ||||||||
| Sansiritaweesook et al 2015 [16] | Thailand | Intervention study | 182 informants, 562 surveillance networks, 21,234 villagers | Environmental Health | 7-step process used to develop a model for local drowning surveillance system based on community participation. | Health Outcome | 1) In the year after system implementation the non-fatality drowning rate in target areas fell to zero, the non-fatality rate in control areas increased. 2) Fatality rate in target areas dropped to 4.5 per 100,000 but remained the same in control areas. Incidence rate ratio of injuries in the comparison areas was 23.32 times higher than in the target areas (95% CI: 3.081–176.599, p = 0.002). | Medium | |||||
| Hoelscher et al 2010 [20] | United States | Intervention study | 15 schools receive BPC intervention, matched with 15 schools that receive BP only | Healthy Living | School-based obesity prevention program (CATCH BP) versus complimentary program (CATCH BPC) that formed partnerships with external community organizations. | Health Outcome | 1) In terms of percentage of students classified overweight or obese, CATCH BP had a decrease of 1.3 points (3.1%) (P = 0.33) while CATCH BPC had a decrease of 8.3 points (8.2%) (P<0.005). | Unclear | |||||
|
Sharpe et al 2011 [64] |
Canada | Intervention Study | 40 after-school program sites [6 BGC CKC sites, 12 comparison sites] | Healthy Living | CATCH Kids Club (CKC) program integrated into the programming of 2 agencies–the YMCA and the Boys and Girls Clubs (BGC). | Health Outcome | 1) Nearly all sites, with the exception of the BCG baseline program (a sports program) achieved greater than 50% of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). 2) Significant differences were not found between levels of MVPA at intervention and comparison sites (59.3% vs. 64.2%) or at intervention sites at baseline vs. post intervention (59.3% vs. 52.1%). 3) BCG sites had significantly higher levels MVPA in CKC programs than in sports programs (70.8% vs. 35.2%). | Unclear | |||||
|
Clark et al 2014 [22] |
United States | Intervention study | 1,477 parents of children with asthma in coalition target areas and comparison areas | Non Communicable Disease | Allies Against Asthma program—a 5-year collaborative effort by 7 community coalitions designed to change policies regarding asthma management in low-income communities of color. | Health Outcome | 1) At follow-up, Allies children experienced significantly fewer daytime symptoms than did comparison children over the preceding 2 weeks (3.03 vs. 3.91; p = 0.008). 2) Annual differences in daytime symptoms were not evident. 3) Night time symptoms over the preceding 2 weeks (2.35 vs. 3.41; p = 0.004) and 1 year (55.17 vs. 81.45; p = 0.003) were significantly less frequent among Allies children than among comparison children. 4) 29% of Allies children went from experiencing some symptoms at baseline, to experiencing no symptoms at follow-up. In comparison group, 19% of children became symptom free. 5) After adjustment for race/ethnicity, age, gender, and community site, the Allies children had 2 times the odds of comparison group of moving from some symptoms at base-line to none at follow-up (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.17, 2.96). | Unclear | |||||
| Clark et al 2013 [65] | United States | Intervention study | 12,361 in intervention group, 14,475 in comparison group |
Non Communicable Disease | 6 Allies Against Asthma coalitions mobilized stakeholders for policy change in asthma control. | Health Outcome | 1) Allies Children were significantly less likely (p<0.04) to have an asthma related hospitalization, and less likely (p<0.02) to have such healthcare use. 2) The hazard of having a hospitalization, ED, or urgent care visit at any time during the 5-year time period was 6% to 7% (p<0.01 and p<0.02) greater for children in the comparison group than those in the Allies communities. | Medium | |||||
| Study | Country | Study Design | Sample | Disease Category |
Type of Community Involvement |
Type of Outcome | Relevant Findings | Risk of bias | |||||
| s | d | n | c | Overall | |||||||||
|
Davison et al 2013 [46] |
United States | Cohort | 423 children age 2–5 | Healthy Living | CBPR used to develop and pilot test a family-centered intervention for low-income families with preschool-aged children. | Health Outcome | 1) Compared with pre-intervention, children at post intervention exhibited significant improvements in their rate of obesity, light physical activity, daily TV viewing, and dietary intake (energy and macronutrient intake). 2) Positive trends observed for BMI z score, sedentary activity and moderate activity. | Low | |||||
|
Reeve et al 2015 [25] |
Australia | Cohort | N/A | Non Communicable Diseases | A health service partnership between an Aboriginal community-controlled health service, a hospital, and a community health service that implemented an integration of health promotion, health assessments, and chronic disease management. | Health Outcome | Long-term outcomes– 1) Decreased number of deaths and emergency admissions. 2) Increased screening for alcohol and tobacco use. | Medium | |||||
|
Oba et al 2011 [66] |
Thailand | Cohort | 160 pre-diabetes patients | Non Communicable diseases | Community participation in 5 processes of the assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of a diabetes health promotion program in a primary care unit. | Health Outcome | 1) After intervention, the mean score for exercise activity among the persons with pre-diabetes was significantly higher (before 2.72 +/- 1.24 SD; after 3.00 +/- 0.980 SD; paired t-test -2.95; p = 0.004). 2) The mean score for BMI was lower after intervention (before 24.83 +/- 4.47 SD; after 24.38 +/- 4.330; paired t-test 4.77; p = 0.001). 3) The mean score for waist circumference was lower after intervention (before 83.34 +/- 9.12 SD; after 81.66 +/- 8.830; paired t-test -2.95; p = 0.004). 4) The mean score for systolic blood pressure was lower after intervention (before 128.45 +/- 13.94; after 125.84 +/- 10.632; paired t-test 2.67; p = 0.008). Overall, this meant that community participation provided proactive services to persons with pre-diabetes. | Medium | |||||
| Study | Country | Study Design | Sample | Disease Category |
Type of Community Involvement |
Type of Outcome | Relevant Findings | Risk of Bias | |||||
|
Barnes et al 2006 [43] |
United Kingdom | Case Study | Not mentioned | Non Communicable Diseases | Users of a community mental health inter-professional training program (partnerships with service users) involved in the commissioning, management, delivery, participation, and evaluation of the program, as trainers and as course members. | Health Outcome | 1) The service users with whom the students worked (n = 72) improved significantly over 6 months in terms of their social functioning [F (1,62) = 4.12, p = 0.047] and life satisfaction [F (1,59) = 6.43, p = 0.014], but not in their mental health status [F (1,65) = 0.85, p = 0.352]. 2) Users in the comparator groups also improved in life satisfaction and social functioning, but the improvement in social functioning was significantly greater for those users in the program group than for the comparators [F (3,155) = 7.31, p< 0.001]. | N/A | |||||
|
King et al 2011 [55] |
American Samoa | Case Study | 50 representatives from churches interviewed | Infectious Disease | Modified the initial Mass Drug Administration (MDA) strategy and partnered with various community groups including church groups for drug distribution, dissemination of messages about prevention of LF, and to encourage compliance. Developed radio and television ads to encourage "pill taking" and advertising locations of distribution. | Health Outcome | 1) After the MDA program change coverage increased from 49% to 71% and remained high in subsequent years. Reported compliance for people living in surveyed households was 86.4% (95%CI, 83.8–88.9%). 2) 94.6% of respondents reported taking tablets at least once since program inception, 73.6% reported taking tablets every MDA and 81.6% reported taking tablets during the last MDA (2004); among those who took tablets in 2004, 82.6% received prior notification, an improvement from 2003 (x2 = 7.4; p<0.01). | N/A | |||||