Table 2. Regression results of potential efficiency determinants: Health outcomes.
Life expectancy | Life expectancy at age 60 | Under-five mortality (per 1,000) | DALYs lost (per 100,000) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (1) | (2) | (3) | |
Out-of-pocket health expenditure (Perc.) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
(0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |||||
Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) | 0.002 | −0.006 | −0.009 | −0.016 | 0.002 | −0.001 | 0.016 | −0.005 | ||||
(0.006) | (0.007) | (0.020) | (0.026) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.029) | (0.025) | |||||
Average governance quality | 0.002 | 0.019 | −0.015 | 0.016 | 0.005* | 0.006* | 0.039 | 0.061 | ||||
(0.013) | (0.015) | (0.476) | (0.068) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.050) | (0.060) | |||||
Average institutional quality | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.035 | 0.027 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.053 | 0.050 | ||||
(0.011) | (0.010) | (0.292) | (0.041) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.040) | (0.040) | |||||
Constant | 0.912*** | 0.914*** | 0.904*** | 0.906*** | 0.856 | 0.880*** | 0.987*** | 0.989*** | 0.991*** | 0.856*** | 0.793*** | 0.759*** |
(0.031) | (0.028) | (0.040) | (0.126) | (1.428) | (0.186) | (0.009) | (0.005) | (0.009) | (0.140) | (0.100) | (0.150) | |
Observations | 27 | 24 | 24 | 27 | 24 | 24 | 27 | 24 | 24 | 27 | 24 | 24 |
Notes: Simar-Wilson models estimated with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
*p<0.1,
**p<0.05,
***p<0.01. Standard errors in parentheses. For under-five mortality, the very small coefficient and standard error for out-of-pocket health expenditure are rounded to three decimals.