Table 3.

The segmentation comparison between U‐Net and U‐Net–generative adversarial network (U‐Net‐GAN), the proposed method, with the mean and standard deviation of dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, specificity, 95% Hausdorff distance (HD95), mean surface distance (MSD), and residual mean square deviation (RMSD) listed

	Esophagus	Heart	Left lung	Right lung	Spinal cord
DSC
U‐Net	0.71 ± 0.08	0.85 ± 0.05	0.97 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.01	0.83 ± 0.05
U‐Net‐GAN	0.75 ± 0.08	0.87 ± 0.05	0.97 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.01	0.90 ± 0.04
Sensitivity
U‐Net	0.71 ± 0.09	0.94 ± 0.05	0.97 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.01
U‐Net‐GAN	0.73 ± 0.10	0.89 ± 0.07	0.97 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.03
Specificity
U‐Net	0.9996 ± 0.0002	0.9958 ± 0.0029	0.9989 ± 0.0010	0.9992 ± 0.0007	0.9995 ± 0.0001
U‐Net‐GAN	0.9997 ± 0.0001	0.9977 ± 0.0020	0.9989 ± 0.0010	0.9992 ± 0.0007	0.9998 ± 0.00001
HD95 (mm)
U‐Net	4.91 ± 4.13	6.45 ± 4.03	2.07 ± 1.92	2.50 ± 3.33	1.98 ± 1.52
U‐Net‐GAN	4.52 ± 3.81	4.58 ± 3.67	2.07 ± 1.93	2.50 ± 3.34	1.19 ± 0.46
MSD (mm)
U‐Net	1.09 ± 0.67	1.91 ± 0.95	0.61 ± 0.73	0.65 ± 0.53	0.54 ± 0.29
U‐Net‐GAN	1.05 ± 0.66	1.49 ± 0.85	0.61 ± 0.73	0.65 ± 0.53	0.38 ± 0.27
RMSD (mm)
U‐Net	2.37 ± 1.40	3.68 ± 2.24	2.12 ± 2.32	2.66 ± 2.45	1.08 ± 1.32
U‐Net‐GAN	2.24 ± 1.36	3.14 ± 2.19	2.12 ± 2.32	2.66 ± 2.46	0.82 ± 0.85