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. 2019 May 10;9:7256. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43703-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) GLS profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants measured by LC-UV (n = 5). MAM1 showed lower 4MSOB concentration but accumulated higher 3MSOP and 8MSOO than Col-0. MAM3 has a lower long-chain aliphatic GLS concentration, and quad-GLS has no or quite low levels of GLSs. (b) Growth rates of P. napi that fed on the four Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines. “*” shows significance based on the FDR-adjusted pairwise t test (P ≤ 0.05). Significant differences: MAM1 vs. MAM3 (P = 0.018). (c) Relative expression levels of NSP-like gene family members of P. napi against the four Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Expression level was normalized based on Col-0 for each gene. Different letters on each box show significance (pairwise t test with FDR adjustment, P ≤ 0.05).