Table 7.

Parameter estimates for institutional setting variables for farms that use either bull mating or artificial insemination in Eastern Africa. Values are Mean ± SD or proportions

		Ethiopia			Kenya			Tanzania			Uganda
Variable		AI	Bull	Significant 4difference	AI	Bull	Significant difference	AI	Bull	Significant difference	AI	Bull	Significant difference
Spend per week on purchasing water		10.6 ± 20.9	5.2 ± 15.3	< .0001	7.8 ± 48.1	7.9 ± 54.3	0.93	900.5 ± 1844	505 ± 1598	< .0001	3967.21 ± 19,273	1295.86 ± 23,849	0.0213
Distance to the watering point (Km)		0.46 ± 0.9	0.69 ± 0.9	< .0001	0.26 ± 0.52	0.29 ± 0.57	0.026	0.174 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.8	< .0001	0.21 ± 0.33	0.4436 ± 0.61	< .0001
Cost of transport to milk buyer		0.5 ± 2.6	0.29 ± 1.8	0.0063	10.29 ± 64	9.58 ± 27	0.63	160.1 ± 517	212.0 ± 604	0.019	264.1 ± 780	129.5 ± 568	0.0022
The average travel time on foot to buyer (h)		0.14 ± 0.4	0.16 ± 0.4	0.1987	0.50 ± 1	0.5 ± 0.92	0.82	0.23 ± 0.5	0.30 ± 0.78	0.012	0.26 ± 0.7	0.2 ± 0.5	0.07
Times visited by extension officer		2	1	0.0003	1	1	0.66	11	11	0.8591	2	2	0.4308
Distance to market		3.26 ± 2.5	4.06 ± 2.6	< .0001	3.52 ± 2.3	3.61 ± 2.2	0.23	2.8016 ± 2.2	2.53 ± 2.3	0.0020	2.9 ± 2.2	3.49 ± 2.3	< .0001
Cost per breeding service		28 ± 40.5	24 ± 38.8	0.0300	1286.9 ± 581	900.4 ± 582	< .0001	12,925 ± 3781	8016.3 ± 5987	< .0001	61,752.9 ± 27,952	27,170.5 ± 35,736	< .0001
Distance to service provider		2.3 ± 2.8	1.4 ± 2.4	< .0001	4.2 ± 3.5	3.4 ± 3.3	< .0001	3.19 ± 3.01	1.05 ± 1.2	< .0001	7.30 ± 7.4	4.64 ± 7.4	< .0001
Find preferred breeding method	No	199 (13.67%)	628 (43.7%)	< .0001	293 (11.79%)	676 (35.3%)	< .0001	51 (5.01%)	840 (37.87%)	< .0001	2 (0.58%)	815 (36.87)	< .0001
	Yes	1257 (86.33%)	808 (56.3%)		2193 (88.21%)	1238 (64.7%)		967 (94.99%)	1378 (62.13%)		342 (99.42%)	1396 (63.13%)