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. 2019 May 10;9:7223. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43420-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Evolution of the study sub-subtype A1 transmission chain through its most recent history in several European countries. Maximum clade credibility tree summarised from the output trees from the BEAST analyses (n = 99). The tip point colours represent the country where the samples were collected. The blue branch lines indicate that the respective HIV-1 sequence belong to a transmission cluster. The vertical black bars demonstrate the taxa included in each transmission cluster and the main A1 clade (MA1). The aLRT SH-like branch support and posterior probability (pp) of each of the transmission clusters is displayed (aLRT/pp). The density plot in the bottom left refers to the time of the most recent common ancestor of the MA1. The country of sampling of the taxa labelled as others is: USA (3); Belgium (3); Sweden (1); Australia (1); The Netherlands (1), and Kuwait (1).