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. 2019 May 10;9:7223. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43420-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phylogeographic evolution of the Main A1 clade. Geographical display of the phylogeny built using BEAST with the country of the sequence origin as discrete trait. (A) In the year of 1996 this transmission history reached Western Europe, arriving to Portugal. (B) After a decade, in 2006, viruses from this clade are expected to be found in several countries from different geographic regions. Some countries, like Portugal, started now being donors and not only receivers in this transmission history. (C) In 2017 the spread among several European countries is established. (D) Global representation of this transmission history; (E) Rates between country pairs with Bayes Factor superior to 5.