Table 4.
Secondary outcome measures at baseline, week 24/posttreatment and 3-months follow-up
| Measure (rater) | Mean (95% CI)a | Group difference in change score | P | Effect size (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KONTAKT + standard care (n = 23) | Standard care (n = 27) | ||||
| ABAS-II (parent) | |||||
| Baseline | 388.0 (361.3–414.8) | 376.0 (351.3–400.7) | |||
| Posttreatment | 411.6 (383.6–439.6) | 386.5 (361.5–411.5) | 13.1 (− 8.5 to 34.7) | 0.25 | 0.19 (− 0.37 to 0.75) |
| Follow-up | 427.2 (399.0–455.5) | 399.1 (373.9–424.3) | 16.1 (− 6 to 38.3) | 0.16 | 0.24 (− 0.32 to 0.80) |
| ABAS-II (teacher) | |||||
| Baseline | 361.1 (330.9–391.3) | 339.0 (308.0–370.0) | |||
| Posttreatment | 386.2 (350.6–421.8) | 344.2 (312.2–376.2) | 19.9 (− 13.9 to 53.6) | 0.27 | 0.26 (− 0.30 to 0.82) |
| Follow-up | 379.3 (345.7–413.0) | 349.6 (316.7–382.5) | 7.6 (− 26.1 to 41.0) | 0.67 | 0.10 (− 0.46 to 0.66) |
| DD-CGAS (trainer) | |||||
| Baseline | 56.0 (52.9–59.1) | 56.4 (53.5–59.2) | |||
| Posttreatment | 60.6 (57–64.2) | 55.7 (52.8–58.7) | 5.2 (0.2–10.2) | 0.046 | 0.83 (0.25–1.41) |
| Follow-up | 60 (56.6–63.4) | 58.6 (55.7–61.4) | 1.8 (− 3.1 to 6.6) | 0.48 | 0.29 (− 0.27 to 0.85) |
| CGI-S (trainer) | |||||
| Baseline | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | |||
| Posttreatment | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) | 4.4 (4.1–4.7) | − 0.2 (− 0.7 to 0.4) | 0.56 | 0.31(− 0.25 to 0.87) |
| Follow-up | 3.9 (3.6–4.3) | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) | 0.1 (− 0.5 to 0.6) | 0.83 | − 0.16 (− 0.72 to 0.40) |
| CiS (child self-report) | |||||
| Baseline | 2.4 (2.2–2.6) | 2.3 (2.2–2.5) | |||
| Posttreatment | 2.4 (2.2–2.7) | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) | 0.1 (− 0.1 to 0.3) | 0.45 | − 0.20 (− 0.76 to 0.36) |
| Follow-up | 2.4 (2.1–2.6) | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) | 0.0 (− 0.2 to 0.2) | 0.90 | 0.00 (− 0.56 to 0.56) |
| PSS (parental self-report) | |||||
| Baseline | 26.3 (22.9–29.6) | 25.9 (22.8–29.0) | |||
| Posttreatment | 20.1 (16.3–24) | 23.4 (20.2–26.6) | − 3.6 (− 8.3 to 1.0) | 0.14 | 0.46 (− 0.10 to 1.02) |
| Follow-up | 19.1 (15.3–23) | 21.6 (18.4–24.9) | − 2.8 (− 7.5 to 1.8) | 0.24 | 0.36 (− 0.20 to 0.92) |
ABAS-II adaptive behavior assessment system II, CGI-S OSU Autism Clinical Global Impression—Severity, CiS children in stress, DD-CGAS, developmental disabilities modification of the Children’s Global Assessment Scale, PSS Perceived Stress Scale
a Data are presented as raw mean scores at baseline and least squares mean values for week 12/posttreatment and 3 months follow-up with 95% CIs for each assessment point
b Effect sizes were calculated by taking the difference in the least squares means at 24 week/posttreatment and follow-up dividing by the pooled standard deviation at baseline; positive effect sizes favor KONTAKT