Table 1.
Basic characteristics
| Healthy control animals (N = 9), group 1 | Monkeys with type 2 diabetes and mild diastolic dysfunction (N = 9), group 2 | Monkeys with type 2 diabetes and moderate diastolic dysfunction (N = 9), group 3 | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 9 | 8 (88.89%) | 9 | |
| Age (years) | 13.33 ± 1.11 | 14.55 ± 2.60 | 14.11 ± 1.88 | 0.496 |
| Body weight (kg) | 10.15 ± 0.84 | 10.94 ± 1.42 | 10.83 ± 1.53 | 0.513 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 0 | 1–5 | 1–5 | |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.24 (4.05–4.48) | 6.20 (5.53–6.32)‡ | 6.43 (6.08–6.58)‡ | 0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.35 (4.30–4.45) | 5.10 (4.80–5.30)‡ | 4.90 (4.75–5.10)‡ | 0.000 |
| FRA (μmol/L) | 179.40 ± 8.56 | 194.57 ± 14.01 | 199.40 ± 15.82 | 0.075 |
| TC (μmol/L) | 3.05 ± 0.60 | 3.61 ± 0.67 | 3.12 ± 0.59 | 0.172 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.38 ± 0.14 | 0.51 ± 0.25 | 0.51 ± 0.31 | 0.464 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.77 ± 0.58 | 2.30 ± 0.67 | 1.84 ± 0.88 | 0.263 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.39 ± 0.49 | 1.48 ± 0.28 | 1.21 ± 0.44 | 0.358 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.13 ± 0.96 | 5.18 ± 1.33 | 4.06 ± 0.53 | 0.180 |
| Scr (μmol/L) | 103.75 ± 20.79 | 103.00 ± 12.05 | 102.75 ± 19.97 | 0.996 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 56.30 ± 25.73 | 47.52 ± 23.05 | 46.80 ± 18.38 | 0.757 |
| AST (IU/L) | 29.98 ± 7.16 | 23.52 ± 5.77 | 24.90 ± 8.02 | 0.292 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 67.80 ± 15.93 | 74.71 ± 17.27 | 85.40 ± 23.21 | 0.356 |
| Mean SBP (mm HG) | 125.50 ± 10.61 | 130.35 ± 23.65 | 132.76 ± 15.45 | 0.576 |
| Mean DBP (mm HG) | 68.75 ± 9.90 | 63.48 ± 8.68 | 67.42 ± 5.13 | 0.657 |
Values are given as mean ± standard deviation, N (%), or median (Q1–Q3)
p value was the results of one-way analysis of variance (for normally distributed date) or Kruskal-Wallis H test (for non-normally distributed date). ALT, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; AST, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FRA, fructosamine; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-c, serum high-density lipoprotein; LDL-c, serum low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Scr, serum creatinine; TC, serum total cholesterol; TG, serum triglyceride; Q, quartile
*Compared between three groups
‡p < 0.05 compared with group 1 (according to the results of Fisher’s least significant difference test and Student-Newman-Keuls test or Dunn-Bonferroni test for post hoc analysis)