Table 1.
Study participants
| TAVR (n=14) | Stented SAVR (n=14) | Controls (n=10) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year, mean ± SD) | 80.2 ± 4.7 | 73.9 ± 4.3 | 77.2 ± 4.1 | 0.007 |
| Males (n (%)) | 5 (36%) | 9 (64%) | 5 (50%) | 0.319 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 25.81 ± 4.17 | 25.13 ± 2.56 | 27.85 ± 5.02 | 0.154 |
| BSA (m2, mean ± SD) | 1.94 ± 0.2 | 1.89 ± 0.15 | 1.89 ± 0.19 | 0.828 |
| Cardiovascular history and risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension (n (%)) | 6 (43%) | 10 (71%) | 3 (30%) | 0.108 |
| Hyperlipidaemia (n (%)) | 4 (29%) | 9 (64%) | 20 (20%) | 0.053 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n (%)) | 2 (14%) | 2 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 0.450 |
| Former Smoking (n (%)) | 4 (29%) | 6 (43%) | 3 (30%) | 0.690 |
| Current Smoking (n (%)) | 0 (0%) | 3 (21%) | 1 (10%) | 0.181 |
| Family history* (n (%)) | 4 (29%) | 4 (29%) | 4 (40%) | 0.800 |
| EuroSCORE-II (mean ± SD) | 2.31 ± 0.97 | 2.05 ± 1.69 | - | 0.124 |
| STS-PROM (mean ± SD) | 2.715 ± 0.770 | 2.337 ± 1.995 | - | 0.015 |
| Time between TAVR/SAVR and MRI (days, mean ± SD) | 366 ± 62 | 361 ± 38 | - | 0.323 |
| Valve size distribution | - | - | ||
| 21/23/26/29 mm, n | 0/9/5/0 | - | - | - |
| 21/23/25/27 mm, n | - | 3/6/4/1 | - | |
| Postoperative echocardiography | ||||
| LVF class (good/mildly impaired/moderately impaired/severely impaired) | 13/1/0/0 | 13/1/0/0 | - | - |
| AV-peak gradient (mmHg, mean ± SD) | 27.0 ± 8 | 21.5 ± 8 | - | 0.093 |
| PVL/AR (none/trace/mild/moderate/severe) | 6/6/2/0/0 | 12/0/2/0/0 | - | - |
| Baseline MRI measurements | ||||
| LVEF (%, mean ± SD) | 63.9 ± 7.9 | 65.0 ± 11.4 | 64.5 ± 6.4 | 0.845 |
| Stroke volume (ml, mean ± SD) | 89.6 ± 19.2 | 87.1 ± 17.2 | 63.6 ± 19.1 | 0.004 |
| LVEDV (ml, mean ± SD) | 142.4 ± 33.8 | 134.5 ± 18.2 | 99.2 ± 31.4 | 0.004 |
| LVESV (ml, mean ± SD) | 52.7 ± 20.5 | 47.3 ± 18.2 | 35.6 ± 14.8 | 0.135 |
TAVR transcatheter aortic valve replacement, SAVR surgical aortic valve replacement, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, BSA body surface area, EuroSCORE European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation, STS-PROM Society of Thoracic Surgery Predicted Risk Of Mortality, LVF left ventricular function, AV-gradient aortic valve gradient, PVL paravalvular leakage, AR aortic regurgitation, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricle end-systolic volume
*Family history positive for cardiovascular disease in people aged < 65 years