Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics at baseline
| Characteristics | Total | Na–Cl | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 34 mmol/l | < 34 mmol/l | |||||
| n = 2143 | Missing n (%) | n = 1296 | Missing n (%) | n = 847 | Missing n (%) | |
| Male (%) | 61.5 | 0 (0) | 60 | 0 (0) | 63.8 | 0 (0) |
| Age (yr) | 62 (53–69) | 0 (0) | 63 (54–70) | 0 (0) | 61 (52–69) | 0 (0) |
| DM nephropathy (%) | 18.7 | 25 (1.2) | 18.8 | 14 (1.1) | 18.5 | 11 (1.3) |
| DM (%) | 35.8 | 0 (0) | 37.9 | 0 (0) | 32.7 | 0 (0) |
| History of CVD (%) | 22.3 | 0 (0) | 24.2 | 0 (0) | 19.4 | 0 (0) |
| ACEIs/ARBs (%) | 20.3 | 0 (0) | 17.4 | 0 (0) | 24.6 | 0 (0) |
| Loop diuretics (%) | 20.6 | 0 (0) | 22.6 | 0 (0) | 17.6 | 0 (0) |
| Cigarette smoking (%) | 14.3 | 320 (14.9) | 13 | 201 (15.5) | 16.4 | 119 (14.4) |
| BMI (Male %) | 23.7 (21.6–26.0) | 124 (5.8) | 23.6 (21.6–26.1) | 83 (6.4) | 23.8 (21.6–25.9) | 41 (4.8) |
| BMI (Female %) | 22.5 (20.1–25.4) | 132 (4.5) | 22.7 (20.3–25.4) | 71 (5.5) | 22.1 (19.7–25.4) | 32 (3.8) |
| Alb (g/dl) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) | 0 (0) | 4.1 (3.9–4.3) | 0 (0) | 3.9 (3.7–4.2) | 0 (0) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 (119–142) | 32 (1.5) | 130 (120–142) | 27 (2.1) | 130 (118–141) | 5 (0.6) |
| UACR (mg/g・Cre) | 423 (99–1135) | 204 (9.5) | 322 (68–960) | 129 (10.0) | 576 (179–1369) | 75 (8.9) |
| Hb (g/dl) | 12.2 (11.1–13.4) | 26 (1.2) | 12.5 (11.4–13.9) | 22 (1.7) | 11.7 (10.7–12.8) | 4 (0.5) |
| eGFR(ml/min/1.73 m2) | 30.9 (22.4–39.5) | 0 (0) | 34.3 (25.8–41.6) | 0 (0) | 25.5 (19.5–34.5) | 0 (0) |
All data shown with median (25–75% quartiles)
DM diabetes mellitus, CVD cardiovascular disease, ACEIs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, BMI body mass index, Alb serum albumin, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine, Hb hemoglobin