Fig. 1.

The immune signaling network in MS. Shown are the stimuli used for the in vitro assays (purple hexagons on the left), targeting receptors on the cell membrane (orange circles), although some stimuli directly target kinases or pathways (e.g., H₂O₂ directly induces oxidative stress). Membrane receptors are linked to intracellular kinases (light grey circles) as part of their intracellular signaling networks. The specific phosphoproteins tested in these assays are shown as red circles associated to the master kinase. Finally, kinases influence cellular and molecular processes. Stimulation (e.g., phosphorylation) is indicated by green arrows, whereas inhibitory interactions (e.g., dephosphorylation) is indicated by a red T link.