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. 2019 Apr 24;116(19):9245–9250. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1821617116

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Fabrication and characterization of helix microtissue fiber. (A) Schematic illustration of the structure of hierarchical helix nanofiber yarn. (B and C) Scanning electron micrographs of an unstrained (B) and a strained (C) hierarchical helix nanofiber yarn. (D) Stress–strain curve of helix nanofiber yarn shows that the helix scaffold can be stretched up to 15 times its initial length under a stress more than 80 MPa. (E) Quantifications of fracture strain, fracture strength, and fracture toughness show that the helix scaffold’s toughness is 6 times larger than the primary yarn by elevating fracture strain rather than facture strength. ***P < 0.001. n.s., not significant. (F and G) Image (F) and quantification (G) of LIVE/DEAD staining of seeded MEFs show that three different types of cells maintain high cell viability on the helix scaffold during 5 d of culturing.