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Surface spectroscopy of bare nanoemulsions. Illustration of VSFSS experimental geometry probing oil droplets dispersed in water inside a quartz experimental cuvette with a CaF2 front window (back and front panels, respectively). A femtosecond IR beam is overlapped with a picosecond visible beam, generating a sum-frequency response off the droplet surface. (Inset) The droplet is a representation of the bare nanoemulsion and the first layer of water molecules.
