Fig. 8.

Effects of 4-PBA on PA-treated mouse granulosa cell viability, cell apoptosis and ER stress at 24 h. a Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. b, c Apoptosis was detected via flow cytometry. d Western blot analysis was used to measure BAX, GRP78 and CHOP expression. e The Caspase 3 activity and (f) the relative BAX expression of mouse granulosa cells were measured. g The relative GRP78 and (h) CHOP expression was measured. The protein expression levels were normalized to the level of β-actin. PA: 400 μM palmitic acid; 4P: 500 nM 4-PBA. The statistical analysis results are shown in the bar graphs. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05)