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. 2019 May 10;12:43. doi: 10.1186/s13048-019-0519-z

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 9 — Effects of melatonin on TG-treated mouse granulosa cell viability, cell apoptosis and ER stress at 24 h. a Cell viability measured by an MTT assay. b, c Apoptosis detected via flow cytometry. d Western blot assays of BAX, GRP78 and CHOP expression. e Caspase 3 activity of H9C2 cells. f Relative BAX expression. g Relative GRP78 expression. h Relative CHOP expression. The protein expression levels were normalized to the β-actin level. PA: 400 μM palmitic acid; TG: 500 nM thapsigargin; MEL: 10 μM melatonin; 4P: 500 nM 4-PBA. The statistical analysis results are shown in the bar graphs. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05)