Table 3.
Quality of studies
| ROBINS-I | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into the study | Bias in measurement of interventions | Bias due to departures from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muller15 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Nikfarjam59 | M | L | L | M | L | L | M | M |
| Satoi61 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Casadei63 | M | L | L | M | L | L | L | M |
| Xiong65 | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Abbreviations: ROBINS-I, Risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions; S, Serious; M, Moderate; L, Lower.