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. 2019 May 7;14:3283–3295. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S200395

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© 2019 Liang et al.

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Lipid nanoparticle (LN) induced apoptosis of Raw264.7 cells in vitro. Apoptotic cells were stained with Annexin-V-FITC and PI and observed by fluorescence microscope (magnification ×200) after treatment (A) for various periods or (B) with different concentrations. Green fluorescence indicated cells underwent an early phase of apoptosis while red fluorescence indicated late phase apoptosis. Scale bar, 50 μm. Flow cytometry was also used for separating phases of apoptosis after treatment of LNs either (C) for various periods or (D) with different concentrations.