Table 2.
Stress, anxiety, and depression of participants (scores at baseline and time intervals of after intervention in three groups of study)
| Variables | Groups |
F statistic |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (mean ± SD) | Follow up after 12 weeks (mean ± SD) | Follow up after 29 weeks (mean ± SD) | Time | Group | Time * group | ||
| Depression (Beck) | GSC | 14.78 ± 8.44 | 9.36 ± 6.50 | 9.05 ± 6.56 | 75.06** | 1.03 | 0.22 |
| NRT | 18.10 ± 13.71 | 12.26 ± 10.91 | 12.26 ± 10.91 | ||||
| Combination of NRT-GSC | 19.68 ± 10.25 | 13.00 ± 8.30 | 12.89 ± 8.38 | ||||
| Depression (HADS) | GSC | 6.68 ± 3.83 | 4.42 ± 2.61 | 4.10 ± 2.64 | 53.26** | 1.30 | 0.35 |
| NRT | 8.37 ± 4.84 | 5.26 ± 3.56 | 5.10 ± 3.59 | ||||
| Combination of NRT-GSC | 9.05 ± 5.49 | 5.95 ± 3.26 | 5.68 ± 3.01 | ||||
| Stress (HADS) | GSC | 10.26 ± 4.75 | 6.79 ± 3.14 | 3.32 ± 2.29 | 67.93** | 0.04 | 0.45 |
| NRT | 9.37 ± 5.57 | 6.05 ± 3.58 | 4.11 ± 4.43 | ||||
| Combination of NRT-GSC | 9.37 ± 6.19 | 6.79 ± 3.77 | 3.47 ± 2.80 | ||||
| Anxiety (DASS) | GSC | 3.74 ± 2.77 | 1.68 ± 2.14 | 3.16 ± 2.65 | 75.86** | 1.67 | 0.76 |
| NRT | 4.32 ± 2.73 | 2.89 ± 2.28 | 2.84 ± 2.32 | ||||
| Combination of NRT-GSC | 5.11 ± 3.16 | 3.16 ± 2.65 | 3.11 ± 2.70 | ||||
| Stress (DASS) | GSC | 6.05 ± 2.46 | 4.53 ± 2.44 | 4.47 ± 2.46 | 70.48** | 2.47*** | 1.59 |
| NRT | 7.16 ± 3.08 | 4.47 ± 2.39 | 4.43 ± 2.37 | ||||
| Combination of NRT-GSC | 7.95 ± 3.14 | 6.16 ± 2.46 | 6.00 ± 2.54 | ||||
| Depression (DASS) | GSC | 3.95 ± 2.42 | 2.05 ± 1.62 | 2.00 ± 1.67 | 53.86** | 1.75 | 0.37 |
| NRT | 4.68 ± 2.96 | 3.16 ± 2.41 | 3.21 ± 2.37 | ||||
| Combination of NRT-GSC | 4.95 ± 2.64 | 3.37 ± 2.14 | 3.32 ± 2.16 | ||||
*
Interaction between time and group
**
Significance level less than 0.010
***
Significance level less than 0.100
GSC: Guided self-change; NRT: Nicotine replacement therapy; HADS: Hospital anxiety and depression scale; DASS: Depression anxiety stress scale; SD: Standard deviation