Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| N = 420 | Median (IQR) or N (%) |
| Sociodemographic characteristics, Na | |
| Sex | |
| Male | 173 (41%) |
| Female | 247 (59%) |
| Ethnicityb | |
| White | 146 (35%) |
| Black | 121 (29%) |
| Other | 19 (5%) |
| Unknown | 134 (32%) |
| Geographical region | |
| UK/Ireland | 109 (26%) |
| Thailand | 14 (3%) |
| Eastern Europe | 61 (15%) |
| Central and Western Europe | 236 (56%) |
| Birth abroad, N = 415 | |
| No | 374 (90%) |
| Yes | 41 (10%) |
| Year of birth | |
| <2000 | 24 (6%) |
| ≥2000 | 396 (94%) |
| HIV-related parameters | |
| Baseline | |
| CD4+%, N = 329 | 34 (24–45) |
| CD4+ (cells/μl), N = 340 | 1781 (995–2644) |
| Viral load (copies/ml), N = 344 | 314 116 (34 324–1000 000) |
| Log10 viral load (copies/ml), N = 344 | 5.5 (4.5–6.0) |
| CDC C event by cART initiation | |
| No | 353 (84%) |
| Yes | 67 (16%) |
| ART-related characteristics | |
| Age at cART initiation (months) | 2.9 (1.4–4.1) |
| Year of cART initiation | |
| 1998–<2004 | 105 (25%) |
| 2004–<2008 | 133 (32%) |
| ≥2008 | 182 (43%) |
| Initial cART regimen | |
| bPI + ≥2 NRTI | 194 (46%) |
| NNRTI + 2 NRTI | 150 (36%) |
| NNRTI + 3 NRTI | 76 (18%) |
| Maternal PMTCTc, N = 326 | |
| No | 181 (56%) |
| Yes | 145 (44%) |
| If yes, the most potent PMTCT regimen used in the prenatal and delivery period, N = 145 | |
| PMTCT given but regimen unknown | 10 (7%) |
| Mono or dual therapy including an NNRTI | 20 (14%) |
| Triple therapy including an NNRTI | 15 (10%) |
| Triple therapy not including an NNRTI | 70 (48%) |
| Other | 30 (21%) |
| Infant PMTCTd, N = 332 | |
| No | 135 (41%) |
| Yes | 197 (59%) |
| If yes, the most potent PMTCT regimen given within 4 weeks of birth, N = 197 | |
| PMTCT given but regimen unknown | 15 (7.6%) |
| Mono or dual therapy including an NNRTI | 56 (28%) |
| Triple therapy including an NNRTI | 41 (21%) |
| Triple therapy not including an NNRTI | 7 (3.6%) |
| Other | 78 (40%) |
bPI, boosted protease inhibitor – lopinavir (LPV); cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission; VL, viral load.
aNumbers shown if data were available in less than 420 infants.
bEthnicity listed as a separate category if more than 20 per category, otherwise these are combined into the ‘Other’ category.
cMaternal PMTCT regimen used in the prenatal and delivery period.
dInfant PMTCT regimen given within 4 weeks of birth.