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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sleep Med. 2019 Feb 2;57:51–60. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.029

Table 5.

Bootstrap Tests of Statistical Significance of Indirect Effects. (N=2865).

Independent and mediator variables Dependent variable β (standardized indirect effects) 95% Confidence Interval
Social messaging → PFS Age 15 Depressive symptoms .041 × .298 = .012 [.001 , .024]
Social messaging → Sleep Duration Age 15 Depressive symptoms −.149 × −.071 = .011 [.001 , .011]
Social messaging → PSS Age 15 Depressive symptoms .052 × .112 = .006 [.004 , .018]
Social messaging → PFS Sleep Duration .041 × −.111 = −.005 [−.009, .000] NS
Web-surfing → PFS Age 15 Depressive symptoms .088 × .298 = .026 [.013, .04]
Web-surfing → PSS Age 15 Depressive symptoms .068 × .113 = .008 [.002 , .014]
Web-surfing → PFS Age 15 Sleep Duration .088 × −.111 = − .009 [−.014, −.004]
TV → PFS Age 15 Depressive symptoms .093 × .298 = .028 [.015, .04]
TV → PSS Age 15 Depressive symptoms .107 × .112 = .012 [.005 , .019]
TV → PFS Sleep Duration .093 × −.113 = −.010 [−.017, −.004]
Gaming → PFS Age 15 Depressive symptom .085 x.294 = .025 [.012, .035]
Gaming → PSS Age 15 Depressive symptom .067 × .111 = .007 [.002 , .013]
Gaming → PFS Sleep Duration .085 × −.111 = −.009 [−.015, −.004]

Note. Based on 10,000 bootstrap samples. Bias-corrected 95% confidence interval that exclude zero indicated significant indirect effects (p<.05). PFS = problems falling asleep; PSS = problems staying asleep.