Table 3. Baseline clinical characteristics in propensity score matched populations according to different statin initiation timing.
| Variables | Model 1 (group I vs. II or III) | Model 2 (group I or II vs. III) | Model 3 (group I vs. II) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <24 hours (n=1,248) | ≥24 hours (n=1,248) | p value | <48 hours (n=768) | ≥48 hours (n=768) | p value | <24 hours (n=476) | 24–48 hours (n=476) | p value | ||
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 62.2±12.5 | 62.8±12.3 | 0.212 | 62.6±12.3 | 63.2±12.4 | 0.365 | 61.5±12.4 | 61.9±12.0 | 0.536 | |
| Male | 906 (72.6) | 881 (70.6) | 0.267 | 545 (71.0) | 529 (68.9) | 0.373 | 341 (71.6) | 351 (73.7) | 0.467 | |
| Initial vital signs | ||||||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.3±28.5 | 128.3±29.0 | 0.093 | 130.1±28.5 | 127.6±29.9 | 0.089 | 128.7±26.9 | 129.6±27.4 | 0.635 | |
| Heart rate (/minute) | 76.0±17.9 | 76.3±19.8 | 0.660 | 77.0±19.2 | 76.6±20.3 | 0.661 | 75.8±18.5 | 75.7±18.5 | 0.853 | |
| Medical history | ||||||||||
| Current or ex-smoking | 716 (57.4) | 711 (57.0) | 0.840 | 434 (56.5) | 417 (54.3) | 0.383 | 273 (57.4) | 294 (61.8) | 0.166 | |
| Hypertension | 617 (49.4) | 647 (51.8) | 0.230 | 388 (50.5) | 404 (52.6) | 0.414 | 250 (52.5) | 239 (50.2) | 0.476 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 382 (30.6) | 403 (32.3) | 0.365 | 247 (32.2) | 250 (32.6) | 0.870 | 155 (32.6) | 151 (31.7) | 0.781 | |
| Familial history of CAD | 61 (4.9) | 70 (5.6) | 0.419 | 41 (5.3) | 42 (5.5) | 0.910 | 23 (4.8) | 28 (5.9) | 0.472 | |
| CKD | 43 (3.4) | 49 (3.9) | 0.524 | 29 (3.8) | 30 (3.9) | 0.894 | 11 (2.3) | 16 (3.4) | 0.329 | |
| CVA | 52 (4.2) | 55 (4.4) | 0.767 | 3 (4.8) | 39 (5.1) | 0.814 | 19 (4.0) | 16 (3.4) | 0.605 | |
| Previous MI | 48 (3.8) | 42 (3.4) | 0.519 | 37 (4.8) | 30 (3.9) | 0.382 | 8 (1.7) | 12 (2.5) | 0.366 | |
| Previous PCI | 49 (3.9) | 44 (3.5) | 0.597 | 40 (5.2) | 30 (3.9) | 0.221 | 9 (1.9) | 15 (3.2) | 0.215 | |
| STEMI | 712 (57.1) | 677 (54.2) | 0.158 | 428 (55.7) | 424 (55.2) | 0.837 | 276 (58.0) | 252 (52.9) | 0.118 | |
| Killip class ≥3 | 119 (9.5) | 143 (11.5) | 0.117 | 81 (10.5) | 101 (13.2) | 0.114 | 43 (9.0) | 38 (8.0) | 0.561 | |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.335 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.894 | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.834 | |
| Peak troponin-I (mg/dL) | 38 (7–50) | 29 (6–42) | 0.822 | 38 (7–50) | 35 (6–42) | 0.545 | 37 (7–50) | 22 (6–42) | 0.876 | |
| Peak CK-MB (mg/dL) | 45 (13–126) | 35 (11–104) | 0.193 | 44 (14–141) | 39 (12–112) | 0.383 | 44 (12–127) | 28 (11–94) | 0.052 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182 (156–207) | 184 (159–207) | 0.191 | 184 (157–208) | 182 (157–207) | 0.559 | 182 (157–150) | 184 (160–204) | 0.325 | |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 103 (71–146) | 110 (77–150) | 0.098 | 107 (74–152) | 109 (77–144) | 0.786 | 105 (74–150) | 111 (76–156) | 0.286 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 42 (36–48) | 41 (35–48) | 0.132 | 42 (36–48) | 41 (35–48) | 0.648 | 42 (37–48) | 41 (36–48) | 0.900 | |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 115 (95–140) | 118 (97–139) | 0.179 | 118 (96–142) | 116 (96–139) | 0.696 | 116 (95–140) | 119 (99–139) | 0.275 | |
| Serum glucose (mg/dL) | 151 (120–186) | 151 (119–196) | 0.322 | 151 (118–193) | 152 (121–200) | 0.880 | 150 (118–187) | 148 (113–192) | 0.616 | |
| NT pro BNP (pg/mL) | 1,643 (248–2,270) | 2,157 (369–2,270) | 0.096 | 1,969 (311–2,270) | 2,270 (471–2,270) | 0.668 | 1,779 (229–2,270) | 1,283 (279–2,270) | 0.895 | |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 7.6 (2.2–21.8) | 11.9 (3.0–24.3) | 0.089 | 6.8 (1.9–21.8) | 13.9 (3.5–24.6) | 0.104 | 7.9 (2.3–21.8) | 8.3 (2.5–23.2) | 0.929 | |
| LVEF (%) | 54.5±11.1 | 54.2±11.8 | 0.594 | 53.4±11.5 | 53.2±11.6 | 0.764 | 55.3±10.8 | 55.9±11.7 | 0.330 | |
| Medications at discharge | ||||||||||
| Aspirin | 1,248 (100) | 1,248 (100) | 1.000 | 768 (100) | 768 (100) | 1.000 | 475 (99.8) | 475 (99.8) | 1.000 | |
| Clopidogrel | 1,244 (99.7) | 1,245 (99.8) | 0.705 | 763 (99.3) | 765 (99.6) | 0.478 | 476 (100) | 476 (100) | 1.000 | |
| Beta-blocker | 977 (78.3) | 974 (78.0) | 0.884 | 595 (77.5) | 592 (77.1) | 0.855 | 381 (80.0) | 380 (79.8) | 0.935 | |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 1,004 (80.4) | 975 (78.1) | 0.152 | 617 (80.3) | 596 (77.6) | 0.189 | 377 (79.2) | 379 (79.6) | 0.873 | |
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin-II receptor blocker; BP = blood pressure; CAD = coronary artery disease; CK-MB = creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme; CKD = chronic kidney disease; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MI = myocardial infarction; NT pro BNP = N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.