Table 2.
CircRNA related mechanisms in tumor metastasis
| CircRNA | Cancer types | Regulation | Signaling pathway | Mechanisms | Function/clinical association | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| circPRMT5 | Urothelial carcinoma of the Bladder | Up | circPRMT5/miR-30c | EMT | Promoting UCB cell’s EMT and aggressiveness; Serve as an exploitable therapeutic target | [59] |
| circMTO1 | Bladder cancer | Down | circMTO1/miR-221 | EMT | Negatively regulate the E-cadherin/N-cadherin; Inhibits EMT as well as metastasis | [60] |
| circ_0023642 | Gastric cancer | Up | Not mentioned | EMT | Promote the EMT signaling pathway; Serve as a metastasis activator and molecular therapeutic target | [61] |
| circSMAD2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Down | circSMAD2/miR-629 | EMT | Impedes ability of HCC cells to migrate and invade as well as EMT | [62] |
| circAMOTL1L | Prostate cancer | Down | P53/RBM25/circAMOTL1L/miR193a-5p/Pcdha | EMT | Suppress ability of cells to migrate and invade via lowering of E-cadherin and increasing vimentin | [63] |
| circANKS1B | Breast cancer. | Up | circANKS1B/ miR-148a/152-3p/USF1 | EMT | Invasion and metastasis are promoted by EMT via TGF-β1 induction: however, nothing is observed for growth of breast cancer | [64] |
| circ_0061140 | Ovarian Cancer | Up | circ_0061140/miR-370/FOXM1 | EMT | Competes with endogenous RNA of miR-370 which allows for growth of cells and metastasis | [65] |
| circMYLK | Bladder cancer | Up | circMYLK/miR-29a/VEGFA/VEGFR2 | EMT | Contribute to EMT and the development of bladder cancer via activating VEGFA/VEGFR2 | [66] |
| circFECR1 | Breast cancers | Up | circFECR1/DNMT1/TET1 | DNA demethylation | Interact with the FLI1 promoter; regulate metastasis by coordinating DNA methylation and demethylation | [72] |
| circIARS | Pancreatic cancer | Up | circIARS/miR-122/ZO-1 | Mediated by exosome | Regulates the permeability of endothelial monolayer to augment the invasion and metastasis | [79] |
| circ-DB | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Up | circ-DB/ miR-34a/ USP7/Cyclin A2 | Mediated by adipose-derived exosome | Promote the tumorigenesis of HCC | [80] |