Table 1.
Socioclinical characteristics of the study group. Results of the TFI and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires
| Characteristics | N | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male/female | 61/39 | 61%/39% | |
| Marital Status | Married/living with partner | 63 | 63% | |
| Unmarried | 10 | 10% | ||
| Separated/divorced | 6 | 6% | ||
| Widow/widower | 21 | 21% | ||
| Education | None or primary | 32 | 32% | |
| Secondary | 47 | 47% | ||
| Vocational or higher | 21 | 21% | ||
| Professional status | Working | 34 | 34% | |
| Retired | 59 | 59% | ||
| Pensioner/on benefits | 7 | 7% | ||
| Place of residence | City/countryside | 76/24 | 76%/24% | |
| Comorbidities* | Diabetes | 30 | 30% | |
| Hypertension | 70 | 70% | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 32 | 32% | ||
| Other | 57 | 57% | ||
| None | 13 | 13% | ||
| Medication* | Platelet inhibitors | 89 | 89% | |
| ACE-I/ARB | 84 | 84% | ||
| Beta-blockers | 85 | 85% | ||
| Statins | 87 | 87% | ||
| None of the above | 10 | 10% | ||
| Smoking | Nonsmoker/smoker | 76/24 | 76% 24% | |
| TFI | Nonfrail/frail | 20/80 | 20%/80% | |
| Mean (SD) | Median (Q1–Q3) | |||
| Age [years] | 66.12 (10.92) | 67 (61.75–73) | ||
| Number of hospitalizations due to CVD in the last year | 1.82 (1.12) | 2 (1–2) | ||
| Duration of CAD [years] | 8.48 (7.47) | 6 (2–14) | ||
| TFI | Physical components | 4.32 (1.97) | 5 (306) | |
| Psychological components | 2.2 (0.75) | 2 (2–3) | ||
| Social components | 1.02 (0.77) | 1 (1–1) | ||
| WHOQOL BREF | Perceived QOL | 3.68 (0.71) | 4 (3–4) | |
| Perceived quality of health | 2.59 (0.98) | 3 (2–3) | ||
| Physical domain | 12.03 (2.72) | 12 (10–14) | ||
| Psychological domain | 15.47 (1.98) | 16 (14–17) | ||
| Social domain | 14.69 (2.25) | 15 (13–16) | ||
| Environmental domain | 15.3 (1.91) | 16 (14–16) | ||
Note: *The percentages do not add up to 100 because this was a multiple choice question.
Abbreviations: TFI, Tilburg Frailty Indicator; WHOQOL BREF, World Health Organization QOL BREF questionnaire; n, sample size; SD, standard deviation; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; Q1, quartile 1st; Q3, quartile 3rd; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; QoL, quality of life.