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. 2019 May 11;26:34. doi: 10.1186/s12929-019-0527-8

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — NAD is synthesized through de novo, Preiss-Handler, and salvage pathways. NAM: nicotinamide, NA; nicotinic acid, NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NMN: nicotinamide mononucleotide, NR: nicotinamide riboside, NAAD: nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, Nampt: nicotinamide phophoribosyltransferase, Nmnat: NMN adenylyltransferase, NADS: NAD synthase, NRK: nicotinamide riboside kinase