Table 3. Roentgenographic features of the spinal deformity when GSS was diagnosed.

Case	Scoliosis								Kyphosis
	Shape	Convexity	Span [No.]	Type	Apex	Degree (°)	Coronal balance (mm)		Span [No.]	Shape	Apex	Degree (°)	Sagittal balance (mm)
1	C-shape	L	T3–T12 [10]	Thoracic	T8	72	10		T4–T10 [7]	Angular	T8	158	82
2	C-shape	R	T10–L2 [5]	Thoracolumbar	T12	21	1		T9–L1 [5]	Angular	T11	50	40
3	S-shape	L/R	T1–T6/T6–L3 [15]	Thoracic/thoracolumbar	T3–4 disc/T11–12 disc	72/57	21		T2–T8 [7]	Angular	T4	98	47
4	S-shape	R/L	T4–T8/T8–L2 [11]	Thoracic/thoracolumbar	T5/T11	61/40	7		T7–L1 [7]*	Regular*	T10*	106*	−13*
5	C-shape	L	T1–T6 [6]	Thoracic	T4	34	5		T2–T7 [6]	Angular	T4	100	−19
6	S-shape	L/R	T11–L1/L1–L4 [6]	Thoracolumbar/lumbar	T12/L2–3 disc	48/60	8		T10–L4 [7]	Regular	L2	30	14
7	C-shape	R	T7–T12 [6]	Thoracic	T10	22	4		T5–T12 [8]	Regular	T8	94	16
8	S-shape	R/L	T10–L1/L1–L4 [7]	Thoracolumbar/lumbar	T11/L2–3 disc	18/35	9		T10–L2 [5]	Regular	L1	34	−17
9	C-shape	L	T6–T10 [5]	Thoracic	T7–8 disc	19	27		T4–T10 [7]	Angular	T7	88	24
10	C-shape	R	C7–T5 [6]	Cervicothoracic	T3	49	10		C7–T4 [5]	Angular	T3	53	54
11	C-shape	L	T9–L3 [7]	Thoracolumbar	L1	38	3		T10–L3 [6]	Regular	T12	41	−11

*, no kyphosis was found when GD was definite diagnosed. However, a severe thoracic kyphosis was developed 7 years’ later; balance “−”, the C7 plumb line drops behind the posterosuperior corner of S1; L, left; R, right. GSS, Gorham-Stout syndrome.