Figure 11.

Schematic to show the proposed mechanism of ASO productive and non-productive trafficking in the cell. ASO is trafficked to the early endosome where it may be recycled back to the membrane or undergo endosomal escape mediated by Rab5C. The early endosome can fuse with the late endosome or multivesicular body and transport cargo, likely through motor proteins kinesin-1 and-3, either to the lysosome for degradation or to the cell periphery where it fuses with the plasma membrane and is secreted out of the cell via extracellular vesicles.