Table 5.
Between‐Diet Differences in Blood Measures and Weight
| Outcome Variablesa | SWD (Run‐In) | WD | WFMD | ORAD | Diet P‐Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC, mg/dL | 189.4±4.9 | 176.1±5.0 | 176.6±4.7 | 181.1±4.2 | 0.11 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 119.2±4.6 | 107.3±4.3 | 108.6±4.3 | 112.3±3.8 | 0.08 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 46.6±1.6 | 45.4±1.8 | 44.8±1.8 | 45.3±1.7 | 0.41 |
| Non–HDL‐C, mg/dL | 142.8±4.9 | 130.7±4.9 | 131.9±4.8 | 135.0±4.21 | 0.41 |
| TC:HDL‐C ratio | 4.3±0.2 | 4.1±0.2 | 4.2±0.2 | 4.2±0.2 | 0.45 |
| TG, mg/dL | 117.7±8.1 | 116.5±8.5 | 117.4±8.1 | 118.1±8.3 | 0.70 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 90.9±1.1 | 93.16±1.0 | 92.57±1.2 | 91.68±1.1 | 0.33 |
| Insulin, μIU/mL | 6.8±0.6 | 6.02±0.5 | 6.56±0.6 | 6.72±0.7 | 0.85 |
| CRP, mg/L | 2.1±0.3 | 2.4±0.4 | 2.40±0.5 | 2.22±0.4 | 0.18 |
| Weight, kg | 92.5±2.8 | 92.0±3.1 | 91.5±3.0 | 91.2±3.2 | 0.34 |
Data are presented as mean±SEM. CRP indicates C‐reactive protein; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; ORAD, oleic acid–replaces–α‐linolenic acid diet; SWD, standard Western diet; WD, walnut diet; WFMD, walnut fatty acid–matched diet; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.
a
The MIXED procedure was used to determine the effect of diet on each outcome measure adjusted for the baseline value (SAS v9.4; SAS Institute). Post hoc tests were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Tukey–Kramer method; there were no statistically significant between‐diet differences (P<0.05). TG and CRP were log transformed due to right skew.