Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of NOAC and Warfarin Users in Patients With Hemoglobin <10 g/dL
| Characteristic | NOAC Users (n=390) | Warfarin Users (n=279) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 81 (75–86) | 78 (72–83) | <0.001 |
| Aged 65–74 y, n (%) | 86 (22.1) | 97 (34.8) | |
| Aged 75–84 y, n (%) | 176 (45.1) | 122 (43.7) | |
| Aged ≥85 y, n (%) | 128 (32.8) | 60 (21.5) | |
| Women, n (%) | 229 (58.7) | 168 (60.2) | 0.70 |
| Comorbidity at index date, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 112 (28.7) | 77 (27.6) | 0.75 |
| Hypertension | 219 (56.2) | 140 (50.2) | 0.13 |
| Chronic liver disease | 59 (15.1) | 33 (11.8) | 0.22 |
| Heart failure | 175 (44.9) | 146 (52.3) | 0.06 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 98 (25.1) | 56 (20.1) | 0.13 |
| Peripheral artery occlusive disease | 19 (4.9) | 12 (4.3) | 0.73 |
| Prior stroke | 97 (24.9) | 82 (29.4) | 0.19 |
| Prior transient ischemic attack | 12 (3.1) | 11 (3.9) | 0.55 |
| Bleeding history | 167 (42.8) | 114 (40.9) | 0.61 |
| Cancer | 85 (21.8) | 71 (25.5) | 0.27 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 132 (33.9) | 88 (31.5) | 0.53 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score* | 4.3±1.7 | 4.3±1.9 | 0.67 |
| HAS‐BLED score† | 3.7±1.0 | 3.7±1.1 | 0.81 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 61 (45–85) | 55 (43–85) | 0.25 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | 149 (38.2) | 100 (35.8) | 0.53 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.3 (8.8–9.7) | 9.2 (8.6–9.6) | 0.05 |
| Platelets, ×103/μL | 211 (163–284) | 200 (131–281) | 0.09 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 27 (21–37) | 29 (20–51) | 0.11 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 18 (13–29) | 18 (13–29) | 0.99 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.43 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 83 (66–105) | 81 (65–95) | 0.20 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 150 (131–176) | 151 (125–179) | 0.84 |
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| Statins | 83 (21.3) | 83 (29.8) | 0.012 |
| Amiodarone | 134 (34.4) | 138 (49.5) | <0.001 |
| ß Blockers | 251 (64.4) | 198 (71.0) | 0.07 |
| ACEIs or ARBs | 224 (57.4) | 198 (71.0) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 136 (34.9) | 111 (39.8) | 0.19 |
| Loop diuretics | 248 (65.6) | 234 (83.9) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 118 (30.3) | 140 (50.2) | <0.001 |
| Digoxin | 96 (24.6) | 115 (41.2) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 75 (19.2) | 83 (29.8) | 0.002 |
| Ticagrelor | 8 (2.1) | 4 (1.4) | 0.55 |
| Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs | 111 (28.5) | 105 (37.6) | 0.012 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 147 (37.7) | 155 (55.6) | <0.001 |
Values are given as mean±SD or median (interquartile range), except as noted. The CHA2DS2‐VASc score awards 1 point each for congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, and female sex (sex category) and 2 points each for age ≥75 years and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. The HAS‐BLED score awards 1 point each for hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, stroke, bleeding history, labile international normalized ratio, age ≥65 years, and antiplatelet drug or alcohol use. ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; NOAC, non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant.
*Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 Years (doubled), Diabetes Mellitus, Prior Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, or Thromboembolism [doubled], Vascular Disease, Age 65–74 Years, Sex Category.
Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile International Normalized Ratio, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly.