Table 5.
Event Rate and Risk of IS/SE, Bleeding, and Death in Anemic Patients With AF, Stratified by Peptic Ulcer Disease History
| Hemoglobin <10 g/dL | Events/Total Years | Event Rate/100 Person‐Years | Crude Data | Adjusted Dataa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOAC Users (n=390) | Warfarin Users (n=279) | NOAC Users (n=390) | Warfarin Users (n=279) | HR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease (n=220) | ||||||||
| IS/SE | 26/226 | 19/258 | 11.48 | 7.37 | 1.14 (0.62–2.14) | 0.685 | 1.62 (0.80–3.40) | 0.208 |
| Major bleeding | 24/185 | 38/127 | 12.98 | 29.82 | 0.32 (0.19–0.54) | <0.001 | 0.36 (0.21–0.61) | <0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal tract bleeding | 11/253 | 25/235 | 4.35 | 10.62 | 0.30 (0.14–0.61) | 0.001 | 0.36 (0.16–0.74) | 0.010 |
| Death | 22/275 | 22/270 | 8.00 | 8.16 | 0.92 (0.49–1.72) | 0.791 | 0.80 (0.41–1.58) | 0.571 |
| Patients without a history of peptic ulcer disease (n=449) | ||||||||
| IS/SE | 25/474 | 46/526 | 5.28 | 8.75 | 0.40 (0.24–0.64) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.31–0.91) | 0.029 |
| Major bleeding | 23/432 | 52/503 | 5.32 | 10.33 | 0.35 (0.21–0.57) | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.29–0.82) | 0.006 |
| Gastrointestinal tract bleeding | 17/492 | 35/600 | 3.46 | 5.83 | 0.42 (0.23–0.75) | 0.004 | 0.51 (0.27–0.94) | 0.023 |
| Death | 40/490 | 31/622 | 8.16 | 4.98 | 1.15 (0.72–1.87) | 0.567 | 1.09 (0.66–1.82) | 0.742 |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; HR, hazard ratio; IS, ischemic stroke; NOAC, non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; SE, systemic embolism.
IS/SE or death, adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of heart failure, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, cancer, vascular disease, history of stroke, hypertension medications, and antiplatelets; major bleeding or gastrointestinal tract bleeding, adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, history of heart failure, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, cancer, history of bleeding, history of stroke, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, proton pump inhibitors, and antiplatelets.