Table 2.
Characteristics of Residents Using DOACs or Warfarin, by Time Point
| December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warfarin (n=13 375) | DOAC (n=986) | Warfarin (n=9320) | DOAC (n=8734) | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age in y, median (Q1, Q3) | 84 (78, 89) | 83 (77, 88) | 84 (77, 89) | 83 (76, 88) |
| Women, % | 71.1 | 71.6 | 64.6 | 67.3 |
| Hospital admissions in prior year, % | ||||
| Number of hospitalizations, % | ||||
| 2 to 3 | 38.2 | 41.0 | 36.8 | 39.1 |
| 4+ | 13.9 | 15.7 | 12.5 | 13.8 |
| Ischemic stroke | 7.1 | 10.0 | 5.9 | 8.9 |
| Extracranial bleed | 5.0 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 0.4 | Sup. | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Medications | ||||
| Unique medications, median (Q1, Q3) | 19 (14, 24) | 20 (15, 26) | 18 (14, 23) | 19 (14, 24) |
| Less than standard anticoagulant dose, % | NA | 36.0 | NA | 50.0 |
| Select medications, %a | ||||
| NSAID | 15.6 | 17.9 | 15.1 | 18.7 |
| Antiplatelet | 9.2 | 13.8 | 7.5 | 9.7 |
| Statin | 50.7 | 54.0 | 60.2 | 61.1 |
| SSRI | 55.5 | 62.0 | 51.0 | 53.1 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 53.7 | 57.6 | 48.8 | 51.6 |
| Select comorbidities, %b | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 41.0 | 41.3 | 41.8 | 41.9 |
| Heart failure | 49.0 | 45.0 | 50.3 | 45.7 |
| Hypertension | 84.2 | 85.5 | 87.4 | 88.1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 31.2 | 30.8 | 30.0 | 28.5 |
| Anemia | 32.4 | 32.5 | 33.9 | 32.5 |
| Fall since nursing home admission/last assessment | 18.6 | 20.5 | 17.6 | 18.6 |
| Stroke | 24.2 | 26.8 | 15.7 | 16.7 |
| CHA2DS2‐Vasc Risk Score, % | ||||
| 2 to 3 | 11.2 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 13.9 |
| 4 | 22.6 | 19.5 | 23.8 | 24.8 |
| 5 | 27.3 | 27.0 | 30.2 | 29.9 |
| 6 | 21.7 | 22.4 | 20.9 | 19.7 |
| 7+ | 17.3 | 18.6 | 12.4 | 12.5 |
| ATRIA Bleeding Risk Score, % | ||||
| Low (0–3) | 60.6 | 62.6 | 54.1 | 57.6 |
| Intermediate (4) | 4.6 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 6.6 |
| High (5–10) | 34.8 | 32.0 | 39.6 | 35.8 |
| Cognitive skills, % | ||||
| Mildly impaired | 26.0 | 28.3 | 25.9 | 27.1 |
| Moderately to severely impaired | 34.3 | 33.7 | 28.7 | 30.1 |
| ADL score (0–16), median (Q1, Q3)c | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (7, 11) | 9 (7, 11) |
ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ADLs, activities of daily living; ARB, angiotensin‐receptor blocker; ATRIA, Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation; DOAC, direct‐acting oral anticoagulant; NSAID, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; Sup., suppressed.
a
Any Part D claim during the 12‐month period.
b
Resident characteristics exclude residents with missing values for fall history, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke (n≤10 for all characteristics with missing values in 2011 and 2016).
c
Higher scores indicate greater limitation in ADLs.