Table 1.
Included Study Characteristics
| Author | Year | Procedure | Institution | Country | Study Design | No. Participants (Postoperative MRI) | SBI | FND | MRI Strength | MRI Follow‐Up (Postoperative Day) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kahlert13 | 2010 | TAVI | University hospital, Essen | Germany | Prospective cohort compared with retrospective cohort | 32 | 27 | 0 | 1.5T | 2 to 5 |
| Ghanem14 | 2010 | TAVI | University of Bonn | Germany | Prospective cohort | 22 | 16 | 2 | 1.5T | 2.2±0.4 |
| Arnold26 | 2010 | TAVI | University Hospital Erlangen | Germany | Prospective cohort | 25 | 17 | 2 | 1.5T | 6±2 |
| Rodés‐Cabau27 | 2011 | TAVI | Laval University | Canada | Prospective cohort | 60 | 41 | 2 | 1.5T | 4±1 |
| Astarci28 (group 1) | 2011 | TAVI | University Hospital Saint‐Luc | Belgium | Prospective cohort | 35 | 32 | 0 | 3T | 2 to 5 |
| Fairbarin29 | 2012 | TAVI | University of Leeds | UK | Prospective cohort | 31 | 24 | 2 | 1.5T | 5±1.55 |
| Ghanem30 | 2012 | TAVI | University of Bonn | Germany | Prospective cohort | 39 | 28 | 4 | 1.5T | 3±1 |
| Ghanem16 | 2013 | TAVI | University of Bonn | Germany | Prospective cohort | 56 | 36 | 0 | 1.5T | 3±1 |
| Alassar12 (group 2) | 2015 | TAVI | St Georges Hospital, London | UK | Prospective cohort | 62 | 47 | 1 | NA | 6 |
| Samim31 | 2015 | TAVI | University medical centre, Utrecht | The Netherlands | Prospective cohort | 42 | 38 | 1 | 3T | 1 to 5 |
| Uddin17 (group 2) | 2015 | TAVI | University of Leeds | UK | Prospective cohort | 70 | 54 | 2 | 1.5T | 1 to 7 |
| Altisent18 (group 2) | 2016 | TAVI | Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona | Spain | Prospective cohort | 40 | 18 | 0 | 1.5T | 6.5±3.5 |
| Lansky20 | 2016 | TAVI | Yale University School of Medicine | USA | Prospective cohort | 34 | 32 | 8 | NA | 4±2 |
| Fanning21 | 2016 | TAVI | The Prince Charles Hospital | Australia | Prospective cohort | 30 | 18 | 1 | 1.5T | 3±1 |
| Ghanem32 | 2017 | TAVI | University Hospital Bonn | Germany | Prospective cohort | 27 | 17 | 0 | NA | 1 to 3 |
| Knipp33 | 2013 | TAVI | University Hospital, Essen | Germany | Prospective cohort | 28 | 7 | 0 | 1.5T | Predischarge |
| Hamon34 | 2007 | PCI | University Hospital of Caen | France | Prospective cohort | 41 | 2 | 0 | 1.5T | 1 |
| Murai35 | 2008 | PCI | Osaka Medical College | Japan | Prospective cohort | 101 | 26 | 0 | 3T | 3±1 |
| Schwarz15 (Group 1) | 2011 | PCI | Justus Liebig University Giessen | Germany | Prospective cohort | 75 | 1 | 0 | 1.5T | 2 to 4 |
| Deveci36 | 2016 | PCI | Cukurova University | Turkey | Prospective cohort | 30 | 12 | 0 | 1.5T | 1 |
| Lund37 | 2005 | PCI | Rikshospitalet University Hospital | Norway | Prospective cohort | 42 | 5 | 1 | 1.5T | 1 |
| Busing38 | 2005 | PCI | University Hospital Mannheim | Germany | Prospective cohort | 48 | 7 | 0 | 1.5T | 1 to 2 |
| Ohi39 | 2013 | PCI | Gifu Uni versity Graduate School of Medicine | Japan | Prospective cohort | 111 | 20 | 0 | 1.5T | 1 to 7 |
| Hamon40 | 2012 | PCI | University Hospital of Caen | France | Prospective cohort | 160 | 24 | 2 | 1.5T | 1 to 2 |
| Kim41 | 2012 | PCI | University of Ulsan College of Medicine | Republic of Korea | Retrospective cohort | 272 | 45 | 0 | NA | 1 to 7 |
| Kim42 | 2011 | PCI | Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center | Republic of Korea | Prospective cohort | 197 | 20 | 0 | 3T | 1 to 1 |
| Friday43 | 2005 | OPCAB | Lankenau Hospital | USA | Prospective cohort | 16 | 5 | 0 | 1.5T | 4 to 14 |
| Djaiani44 (group 2) | 2006 | OPCAB | University of Toronto | Canada | Case‐control | 13 | 0 | 0 | NA | 3 to 7 |
| Folyd45 (group 2) | 2006 | Mixed CTSx | Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania | USA | Prospective cohort | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1.5T | 6±2 |
| Cook46 | 2007 | Mixed CTSx | Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania | USA | Prospective cohort | 50 | 16 | 4 | 1.5T | 4.5±1.5 |
| Barber47 | 2008 | Mixed CTSx | University of Auckland | New Zealand | Prospective cohort | 36 | 15 | 1 | 1.5T | 1 to 5 |
| Knipp48 | 2017 | Mixed CTSx | University hospital, Essen | Germany | Prospective cohort compared with retrospective cohort | 36 | 19 | 0 | 1.5T | Predischarge |
| Knipp49 | 2005 | Mixed CTSx | University Clinic of Essen | Germany | Prospective cohort | 30 | 14 | 0 | 1.5T | 5.0±1.4 |
| Bendszus50 | 2002 | CABG | University of Wurzburg | Germany | Prospective cohort | 35 | 9 | 0 | 1.5T | 3 |
| Restrepo51 | 2002 | CABG | Johns Hopkins | USA | Prospective cohort | 13 | 4 | 1 | NA | 4±1.6 |
| Knipp52 | 2004 | CABG | University Hospital, Essen | Germany | Prospective cohort | 29 | 13 | 0 | 1.5T | Predischarge |
| Djaiani53 | 2004 | CABG | Toronto General Hospital | Canada | Prospective cohort | 50 | 8 | 1 | NA | 3 to 7 |
| Djaiani44 (group 1) | 2006 | CABG | University of Toronto | Canada | Case‐control | 13 | 8 | 1 | NA | 3 to 7 |
| Knipp54 | 2008 | CABG | University clinic of Essen | Germany | Prospective cohort | 39 | 20 | 0 | 1.5T | Predischarge |
| Schwarz15 (group 2) | 2011 | CABG | Justus Liebig University Giessen | Germany | Prospective cohort | 39 | 7 | 0 | 1.5T | 2 to 4 |
| Nah55 | 2014 | CABG | University of Ulsan College of Medicine | South Korea | Prospective cohort | 127 | 35 | 4 | 1.5T | 3 |
| Gerriets56 | 2010 | CABG | Justus Liebig University Giessen | Germany | Prospective cohort | 86 | 13 | 0 | 1.5T | 1 to 3 |
| Stolz57 | 2004 | AVR | Kerckhoff Klinik | Germany | Prospective cohort | 14 | 3 | NA | 1 to 6 | |
| Folyd45 (group 1) | 2006 | AVR | Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania | USA | Prospective cohort | 37 | 6 | 2 | 1.5T | 6±2 |
| Astarci28 (group 2) | 2011 | AVR | University Hospital Saint‐Luc | Belgium | Prospective cohort | 13 | 1 | 0 | 3T | 2 to 5 |
| Alassar12 (Group 1) | 2015 | AVR | St Georges Hospital, London | UK | Prospective cohort | 32 | 23 | 1 | NA | 6 |
| Uddin17 (group 1) | 2015 | AVR | University of Leeds | UK | Prospective cohort | 38 | 17 | 1 | 1.5T | 1 to 7 |
| Altisent18 (group 1) | 2016 | AVR | Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona | Spain | Prospective cohort | 27 | 11 | 0 | 1.5T | 9±3 |
| Messe58 | 2015 | AVR | Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania | USA | Prospective cohort | 129 | 79 | 20 | 1.5T | 6.35±2.25 |
AVR indicates aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; FND, focal neurological deficit; Mixed CTSx, mixed cardiothoracic surgical group; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not available; OPCAB, off‐pump coronary artery bypass; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBI, silent brain infarct; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.