Table 3.
Summary of Functional Outcomes of Autologous Cells for Intervertebral Disc Repair Across Case Series.
| Outcome Measure Follow-up (Months) |
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Origin, Intervention | Author, Year | N | Mean ± SD | P (Δ vs Baseline)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Function (means) | |||||
| ODI (0-100%[worst]) | |||||
| Baseline | BMA (Non-Exp.) | Pettine, 2015 | 26 | 56.5 ± NR | N/A |
| BMA (Non-Exp) | Orozco, 2011 | 10 | 25.0 ± 13.0b | N/A | |
| Adipose MSCs (Exp.) + HA | Kumar, 2017 | 10 | 42.8 ± 15.03 | N/A | |
| 3 months | BMA (Non-Exp) | Pettine, 2015 | 26 | 22.8 ± NR | ≤.0001 |
| BMA (Non-Exp) | Orozco, 2011 | 10 | 13.0 ± 10.1b | <.05 | |
| Adipose MSCs (Exp.) + HA | Kumar, 2017 | 10 | 31.7 ± 14.22 | .01 | |
| 6 months | BMA (Exp.) | Pettine, 2015 | 26 | 24.4 ± NR | ≤.0001 |
| BMA (Non-Exp) | Orozco, 2011 | 10 | 9.4 ± 8.5b | <.01 | |
| Adipose MSCs (Exp.) + HA | Kumar, 2017 | 10 | 21.3 ± 7.42 | .002 | |
| 12 months | BMA (Exp.) | Pettine, 2015 | 26 | 25.0 ± NR | ≤.0001 |
| BMA (Non-Exp) | Orozco, 2011 | 10 | 7.4 ± 7.3b | <.001 | |
| Adipose MSCs (Exp.) + HA | Kumar, 2017 | 10 | 16.8 ± 9.77 | .002 | |
| mSANE (−100% to 100%, 0% at baseline) | |||||
| 3 months | BMA (Exp.) | Centeno, 2017 | 30 | 47% ± NR | NS |
| 6 months | 51% ± NR | NS | |||
| 12 months | 45% ± NR | NS | |||
| Function success | |||||
| % reduction in ODI | % Δ from baseline | ||||
| 3 months | BMA (Non-Exp.) | Pettine, 2015 | 26 | 58.1% | N/A |
| 6 months | 55.5% | N/A | |||
| 12 months | 56.8% | N/A | |||
| m-SANE | % of patients (n/N) | ||||
| ≥50% improvement (mean 40.6 months) | BMA (Exp.) | Centeno, 2017 | 30 | 50.4% (n = NR) | N/A |
| >0% improvement (36 months) | 30 | 90% (n = NR) | N/A | ||
| ≥50% reduction in VAS and ODI | |||||
| 6 months | Adipose MSCs (Exp.) + HA | Kumar, 2017 | 10 | 70% (7/10) | N/A |
| 12 months | 10 | 60% (6/10) | N/A | ||
Abbreviations: BMA, bone marrow aspirate; Exp. = expanded cells; HA, hyaluronic acid; mSANE, modified Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (−100% worsened to 100% improved, with pretreatment baseline at 0%); MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; N/A, not applicable; Non-Exp., nonexpanded cells; NR, not reported; NS, not statistically significant; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index (0%-100%, higher scores indicate greater disability); VAS, Visual Analogue Scale (0-100, higher scores indicate severity of pain).
aP values as reported by authors.
b Where standard errors (SE) were reported, values were used to estimate standard deviation (SD): SD = SE × SQRT(n).