Table 1.
Variables | Univariate regression | Multiple regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Robust SE | Coefficient | Robust SE | |
Gender | ||||
Male | ||||
Female | −0.22 | 0.23 | −0.23 | 0.27 |
Age | ||||
<25 | ||||
25-34 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.41 |
35-44 | −0.31 | 0.45 | −0.23 | 0.48 |
45-54 | −0.43 | 0.49 | −0.11 | 0.54 |
55-64 | −0.60 | 0.51 | −0.32 | 0.57 |
>65 | −0.20 | 0.51 | 0.10 | 0.55 |
Marital status | ||||
Never married | ||||
Married | 0.54*** | 0.26 | 0.91* | 0.30 |
Others (widowed, divorced, or separated) | −0.66 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.54 |
Years of schooling | ||||
0-8 | ||||
9-13 | 0.33 | 0.36 | −0.03 | 0.38 |
≥14 | 0.89** | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.39 |
Employment status | ||||
Unemployed | ||||
Employed | −0.06 | 0.44 | −0.27 | 0.43 |
Homemaker | 0.12 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.51 |
Others | −0.12 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.50 |
Smoking | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | −0.74*** | 0.33 | −0.73** | 0.32 |
Health-related quality of life | ||||
Poor | ||||
Moderate | 1.84* | 0.47 | 1.70* | 0.52 |
Good | 3.43* | 0.47 | 3.02* | 0.56 |
BMI | ||||
Normal | ||||
Overweight | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.23 |
Obese | −1.15* | 0.41 | −0.73**** | 0.41 |
Presence of any chronic diseases | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | −1.38* | 0.22 | −0.41 | 0.27 |
Constant | 3.55* | 0.85 | ||
Adjusted R2 | 0.19 | |||
F (19, 580) | 7.96 | |||
Breusch-Pagan | 41.94 | |||
Ramsey RESET | 1.82 |
*Significant at P<0.001, **Significant at P<0.01, ***Significant at P<0.05, ****Significant at P<0.1. BMI=Body mass index, RESET=Ramsey regression equation specification error test, SE=Standard error