Table 2.
Variables | Univariate regression | Multiple regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Robust SE | Coefficient | Robust SE | |
Gender | ||||
Male | ||||
Female | −0.69* | 0.18 | −0.28 | 0.19 |
Age | ||||
<25 | ||||
25-34 | −0.10 | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.26 |
35-44 | −0.73*** | 0.30 | −0.08 | 0.31 |
45-54 | −1.05** | 0.34 | 0.03 | 0.33 |
55-64 | −1.14* | 0.35 | −0.07 | 0.35 |
>65 | −0.74*** | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.33 |
Marital status | ||||
Never married | ||||
Married | −0.50** | 0.19 | −0.04 | 0.21 |
Others | −1.35* | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.36 |
Years of schooling | ||||
0-8 | ||||
9-13 | 0.56*** | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.25 |
≥14 | 1.11* | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
Employment status | ||||
Unemployed | ||||
Employed | −0.32 | 0.29 | −0.52*** | 0.26 |
Housewife | −1.39* | 0.36 | −0.74*** | 0.35 |
Others | −0.60 | 0.33 | −0.44 | 0.33 |
Smoking status | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | −0.14 | 0.25 | −0.41**** | 0.23 |
Health-related quality of life | ||||
Poor | ||||
Moderate | 2.66* | 0.39 | 2.36* | 0.42 |
Good | 4.11* | 0.38 | 3.55* | 0.43 |
BMI | ||||
Normal | ||||
Overweight | −0.31 | 0.18 | −0.16 | 0.16 |
Obese | −1.30* | 0.30 | −0.51*** | 0.26 |
Presence of any chronic diseases | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | −1.47* | 0.16 | −0.45*** | 0.18 |
Constant | 4.79* | 0.61 | ||
Adjusted R2 | 0.32 | |||
F (19, 580) | 11.77 | |||
Breusch-Pagan | 65.10 | |||
Ramsey RESET | 1.53 |
*Significant at P<0.001, **Significant at P<0.01, ***Significant at P<0.05, ****Significant at P<0.1. BMI=Body mass index, RESET=Ramsey regression equation specification error test, SE=Standard error