Table 2. CAM Modalities Used by 1023 Participants Stratified by Disclosure and Adjusted Odds of CAM Nondisclosure.
| Characteristica | Raw No. (Raw Percentage/Weighted Percentage)b | Multivariable Adjusted Odds of CAM Nondisclosure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAM Discloserc | CAM Nondiscloser | AOR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| No. (%) | 735 (71.8/70.7) | 288 (28.2/29.3) | ||
| CAM Modality | ||||
| Otherd | 86 (78.2/76.0) | 24 (21.8/24.0) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Herbal supplements | 309 (85.1/88.2) | 54 (14.9/11.8) | 0.51 (0.26-1.03) | .06 |
| Chiropractic of osteopathic manipulation | 176 (68.8/67.3) | 80 (31.2/32.7) | 1.91 (0.98-3.75) | .06 |
| Massage | 76 (58.9/53.5) | 53 (41.1/46.5) | 2.97 (1.44-6.13) | .003 |
| Yoga, tai chi, or qigong | 50 (58.8/50.4) | 35 (41.2/49.6) | 3.69 (1.68-8.09) | .001 |
| Mantra/mindfulness/spiritual meditation | 33 (44.0/41.8) | 42 (56.0/58.2) | 5.38 (2.26-12.81) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CAM, complementary and alternative medicine.
The model was also adjusted for sex (male, female), age (18-55 years, 56-65 years, 66-75 years, >75 years), race (white, non-white), ethnicity (Non-Spanish, non-Hispanic, non-Latino vs Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino), insurance status (insured, uninsured), income ($0-$34,000, $35 000-$74,999, $75 000-$99 999, ≥$100 000, unknown), education (none-grade 4, grade 5-12, 1-4 years of college, ≥5 years of college, unknown) and years since diagnosis (0-5, 6-10, 11-15, >15). The only statistically significant variable among these was ethnicity (Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino ethnicity had lower odds of nondisclosure; adjusted odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.91).
Sample weighting was used for all analyses to produce nationally representative estimates. Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.
Raw column numbers do not add up to total cohort population given 5 participants not reporting CAM type used.
Types of CAM with the lowest number of participants reporting use (n < 50) were combined into the “other” category. These included special diets, acupuncture, homeopathy, movement or exercise techniques, naturopathy, traditional healers, energy healing therapy, biofeedback, hypnosis, and craniosacral therapy.