Table 4. Association of AD-Related and Vascular Signs With Incident Dementia When Modeled Simultaneously.
| Brain MRI Sign | AD-Related | Vascular | AD-Related and Vascular | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI)a | P Value | HR (95% CI)a | P Value | HR (95% CI)a | P Value | |
| AD-Related Signs | ||||||
| Hippocampus volumeb | 1.61 (1.43-1.82) | <.001 | NA | NA | 1.63 (1.44-1.85) | <.001 |
| Nonhippocampal AD signature region volumeb | 1.62 (1.28-2.06) | <.001 | NA | NA | 1.57 (1.24-2.00) | <.001 |
| Lobar microhemorrhages | 1.92 (1.31-2.80) | .001 | NA | NA | 1.58 (1.03-2.41) | .03 |
| Vascular Signs | ||||||
| Log WMH volumeb | NA | NA | 1.38 (1.17-1.63) | <.001 | 1.29 (1.09-1.53) | .003 |
| Cortical infarcts | NA | NA | 1.05 (0.68-1.60) | .84 | 0.97 (0.63-1.48) | .89 |
| Lacunar infarcts | NA | NA | 1.37 (0.98-1.93) | .06 | 1.36 (0.96-1.92) | .09 |
| Subcortical microhemorrhages | NA | NA | 1.16 (0.84-1.58) | .37 | 1.02 (0.73-1.44) | .90 |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; HR, hazard ratio; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not applicable; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.
a
Hazard ratio of incident dementia in the dementia-free population (N = 1553) at the index visit (2011-2013), adjusted for age, sex, race, education, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol level, depressive symptoms, and heart failure. Intracranial volume for volume measurements.
b
Standardized volume measurements with results presented per 1-SD decrease for AD-related atrophy signs and per 1-SD increase for WMH volume.