Table 2. Adverse Maternal Outcomes for Women With Different Forms of ACHD in Canada From Fiscal Years 2001-2002 to 2014-2015a.
| Participant Group | Total Births, No. | Outcome | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe Maternal Morbidity | Ischemic Placental Disease | ||||||
| No. (%) [95% CI, %] | OR (95% CI) | No. (%) [95% CI, %] | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Crude | Adjustedb | Crude | Adjustedb | ||||
| Women without ACHD | 2 682 451 | 29 785 (1.1) [1.1-1.1] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 384 811 (14.3) [14.3-14.4] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Women with any type of ACHD | 2114 | 85 (4.0) [3.3-4.9]c | 3.7 (3.0-4.6)c | 2.7 (2.2-3.4)c | 408 (19.3) [17.7-21.0]c | 1.4 (1.3-1.6)c | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) |
| Women with a subtype of ACHD | |||||||
| Heterotaxy | 42 | NAd | NAd | NAd | 10 (23.8) [13.2-39.1] | 1.8 (0.9-3.8) | 1.8 (0.8-4.1) |
| Anomalies of venous return | 410 | 19 (4.6) [3.0-7.2)c | 4.3 (2.7-6.8)c | 3.1 (1.9-5.0)c | 74 (18.0) [14.6-22.1]c | 1.3 (1.0-1.7)c | 0.6 (0.4-1.0)c |
| Anomalies of the atria and interatrial communications | 404 | 17 (4.2) [2.6-6.7]c | 3.9 (2.4-6.3)c | 2.8 (1.7-4.6)c | 73 (18.1) [14.6-22.1]c | 1.3 (1.0-1.7)c | 0.6 (0.4-1.0)c |
| Anomalies of atrioventricular junctions and valves | 1440 | 33 (2.3) [1.6-3.2)c | 2.1 (1.5-2.9)c | 1.2 (0.8-1.6) | 196 (13.6) [11.9-15.5] | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1)c |
| Complex anomalies of atrioventricular connections | 98 | NAd | NAd | NAd | 24 (24.5) [17.0-34.0] | 2.0 (1.2-3.1)c | 2.0 (1.2-3.4)c |
| Functionally univentricular hearts | 151 | 5 (3.3) [1.4-7.7]c | 3.0 (1.2-7.4)c | 2.2 (1.0-5.3) | 37 (24.5) [18.3-32.0] | 1.9 (1.3-2.8)c | 1.9 (1.2-3.0)c |
| Ventricular septal defects | 341 | 16 (4.7) [2.9-7.5]c | 4.3 (2.6-7.2)c | 3.3 (2.0-5.5)c | 51 (15.0) [11.5-19.2] | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) | 0.8 (0.4-1.2) |
| Anomalies of the ventricular outflow tracts | 949 | 32 (3.4) [2.4-4.7]c | 3.1 (2.2-4.4)c | 2.3 (1.6-3.2)c | 190 (20.0) [17.6-22.7] | 1.5 (1.3-1.8)c | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) |
| Anomalies of the extrapericardial arterial trunks | 413 | 15 (3.6) [2.2-5.9] | 3.4 (2.0-5.6)c | 2.4 (1.4-4.2) | 84 (20.3) [16.7-24.5] | 1.5 (1.2-1.9)c | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) |
| Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries | 108 | NAd | NAd | NAd | 25 (23.1) [16.1-32.1] | 1.8 (1.2-2.8)c | 2.0 (1.2-3.3)c |
Abbreviations: ACHD, adult congenital heart disease; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
a
Excludes Quebec.
b
Adjusted for Obstetric Comorbidity Index, mode of delivery, and year of birth.
c
P < .05 for comparison of women with and without ACHD and women with specific subtypes of ACHD and women without ACHD.
d
Sample size less than 5.