Table 4. Preterm Birth and SGA Outcomes for Infants Born to Women in Canada From Fiscal Years 2001-2002 to 2014-2015 by ACHD Subtypea.
| Infant Group | Preterm Birth <37 wk | Preterm Birth <32 wk | SGA Birthsb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) [95% CI, %] | OR (95% CI) | No. (%) [95% CI, %] | OR (95% CI) | No. (%) [95% CI, %] | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Crude | Adjustedc | Crude | Adjustedc | Crude | Adjustedc | ||||
| Infants of women without ACHD | 199 447 (7.4) [7.4-7.5] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 32 667 (1.2) [1.2-1.2] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 230 895 (8.7) [8.7-8.8] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Infants of women with any type of ACHD | 293 (13.9) [12.5-15.4] | 2.0 (1.7-2.2)d | 1.5 (1.3-1.8)d | 66 (3.1) [2.5-4.0]d | 2.6 (2.0-3.3)d | 1.7 (1.3-2.3)d | 269 (12.8) [11.5-14.3]d | 1.5 (1.3-1.7)d | 1.4 (1.2-1.6)d |
| Infants of women with a subtype of ACHD | |||||||||
| Heterotaxy | 8 (19.0) [9.7-33.9]d | 2.8 (1.3-6.2)d | 2.7 (1.1-6.3)d | NAe | NAe | NAe | 9 (22.0) [11.7-37.3] | 2.9 (1.4-6.2)d | 2.9 (1.3-6.1)d |
| Anomalies of venous return | 51 (12.4) [9.6-16.0]d | 1.7 (1.3-2.3)d | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 12 (2.9) [1.7-5.1] | 2.4 (1.3-4.3)d | 1.4 (0.8-2.6) | 47 (11.5) [8.8-15.0] | 1.3 (0.99-1.8) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) |
| Anomalies of the atria and interatrial communications | 46 (11.4) [8.6-14.9]d | 1.5 (1.1-2.1)d | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 12 (3.0) [1.7-5.2]d | 2.4 (1.3-4.3)d | 1.4 (0.8-2.6) | 47 (11.7) [8.9-15.2]d | 1.4 (1.0-1.9)d | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) |
| Anomalies of atrioventricular junctions and valves | 142 (9.9) [8.4-11.5]d | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)d | 0.4 (0.4-0.5)d | 20 (1.4) [0.9-2.1] | 1.1 (0.7-1.8) | 0.4 (0.2-0.6)d | 112 (7.9) [6.6-9.4] | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.7 (0.5-0.8)d |
| Complex anomalies of atrioventricular connections | 26 (26.5) [18.7-36.2]d | 4.4 (2.8-6.9)d | 4.7 (2.9-7.5)d | 6 (6.1) [2.8-13.0]d | 5.3 (2.3-11.9)d | 5.0 (2.0-12.2)d | 15 (15.3) [9.4-23.9]d | 1.9 (1.1-3.3) | 1.9 (1.1-3.2)d |
| Functionally univentricular hearts | 41 (27.2) [20.6-34.8]d | 4.4 (3.1-6.4)d | 4.6 (3.1-6.8)d | 11 (7.3) [4.1-12.7]d | 6.1 (3.3-11.4)d | 5.3 (2.4-11.4)d | 25 (16.6) [11.4-23.4] | 2.1 (1.4-3.2)d | 2.0 (1.3-3.1)d |
| Ventricular septal defects | 33 (9.7) [7.0-13.3] | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | 10 (2.9) [1.6-5.4] | 2.4 (1.2-4.7)d | 1.6 (0.7-3.4) | 35 (10.3) [7.5-14.0] | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) |
| Anomalies of the ventricular outflow tracts | 140 (14.8) [12.6-17.2]d | 2.1 (1.8-2.5)d | 1.8 (1.4-2.1)d | 29 (3.1) [2.1-4.4]d | 2.5 (1.8-3.7)d | 1.9 (1.3-2.8)d | 112 (11.9) [10.0-14.1] | 1.4 (1.2-1.7)d | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)d |
| Anomalies of the extrapericardial arterial trunks | 63 (15.3) [12.1-19.1]d | 2.2 (1.7-2.9)d | 1.8 (1.3-2.5)d | 10 (2.4) [1.3-4.4]d | 2.0 (1.0-3.7)d | 1.4 (0.7-2.7) | 57 (13.9) [10.9-17.6] | 1.7 (1.2-2.2)d | 1.5 (1.1-2.1)d |
| Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries | 26 (24.1) [16.9-33.1]d | 3.8 (2.5-6.0)d | 4.2 (2.7-6.6)d | 6 (5.6) [2.4-11.9] | 4.8 (2.1-10.8)d | 4.9 (2.1-11.3)d | 16 (14.8) [9.3-22.9]d | 1.8 (1.1-3.1)d | 1.8 (1.1-3.1)d |
Abbreviations: ACHD, adult congenital heart disease; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; SGA, small for gestational age.
a
Excludes Quebec.
b
Indicates less than tenth percentile.
c
Adjusted for Obstetric Comorbidity Index, mode of delivery, and year of birth.
d
P < .05 for comparison of infants born to women with and without ACHD and infants born to women with specific subtypes of ACHD and women without ACHD.
e
Sample size less than 5.