Table 1.
The characteristics of included studies
| Study | Study design | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Pathological type | Nulliparous | Medical co-morbidity | Intervention | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAH | EC | |||||||
| Tamauchi 201819 | Retrospective | 34 (19–45) | 23.3 (18.1–45.0) | 30 | 9 | 37 | UK | MPA |
| Fukui 201720 | Retrospective | 33 (19–39) | 21.5 (17.7–34.9) | None | 35 | 34 | UK | MPA |
| Hwang 201721 | Retrospective | 30.4 (25–39) | 24.0 (18.5–30.5) | None | 5 | 5 | No | MPA+LNG-IUS |
| Park 201722 | Retrospective | 32 | 25.5 | None | 154 | 145 | Infertility: n=52, PCOS: n=31; Other medical disease: n=23 |
MA: n=51; MPA: n=103 |
| Kim 201723 | Retrospective | 36 (25–41) | 32.9 (21–70) | 29 | 21 | 44 | DM: n=3; previous malignancy tumor: n=4 |
MA: n=24; MPA: n=20; LNG-IUS: n=2 Micronized progesterone: n=2 |
| Chen 201624 | Retrospective | 32 (21–41) | UK | 16 | 37 | 48 | PCOS: n=18; DM: n=6; Family history of cancer: n=5 |
MA: n=21 (plus GNRHa: n=9, plus LNG-IUS: n=2); MPA: n=32 |
| Baek 201625 | Retrospective | 33 (20–41) | 23.1 (16.6–39.5) | 18 | 13 | 14 | PCOS: n=5 | MA: n=25; MPA: n=6 |
| Zhou 201526 | Retrospective | 30.4 (20–40) | 26.7 (17.6–36.0) | 13 | 19 | 23 | PCOS: n=6; Thyroid disease: n=3; High HbA1c: n=9 |
MA or MPA (metformin with high HbA1c) |
| Pronin 201514 | Prospective | 33 (28–42) | UK | 38 | 32 | UK | UK | Mirena: n=38 Mirena+GnRHa: n=32 |
| Mitsuhashi 201527 | Prospective | 33 (26–42) | 30.9 (18.8–52.7) | 17 | 19 | UK | PCOS: n=17; Abnormal glucose metabolism: n=16 |
MPA+Aspirin+Metformin |
| Simpson 201428 | Retrospective | 36.5 (26–44) | 25 (20–66) | 19 | 25 | 31 | DM: n=5; Family history Lynch syndrome: n=7 |
UK |
| Kudesia 201413 | Retrospective | 38.5 | CAH:28.6 EC:26.8 |
13 | 10 | 21 | UK | MA: n=9; LNG-IUS: n=6; LNG-IUS+Oral progestin: n=8 |
| Gonthier 201429 | Retrospective | 34.0 (23.0–40.0) | 26.9 (18–44) | 23 | 17 | 31 | PCOS: n=13; First degree with HNPCC associated cancer: n=2 |
oral progestin: n=28; GnRHa: n=5; LNG-IUS: n=5 |
| Park 201312 | Retrospective | 31.3 (21–40) | 24.98 (15.06–38.20) | None | 148 | 139 | PCOS: n=23; Other medical disease: n=20 |
MA: n=57; MPA: n=91 |
| Jafari 201330 | Prospective | 30 (24–35) | UK | None | 8 | 6 | PCOS: n=3 | MA |
| Koskas 201231 | Retrospective | 28–40 | UK | 14 | 8 | 19 | No family history of HNPCC | MA: n=5; MPA: n=4; NA: n=7; CA: n=3; Lynestrenol: n=3 |
| Fujiwara201215 | Retrospective | 31 (21–42) | 23.3 (15–38) | None | 45 | UK | UK | MPA |
| Ricciardi 201232 | Retrospective | 32 (25–40) | UK | 13 | 1 | 11 | PCOS or infertility: n=13 | MA or MPA |
| Perri 201133 | Retrospective | 33.4 (24–43) | UK | None | 27 | UK | UK | MA: n=24; NA: n=1; Hydroxyprogesterone caproate: n=2 |
| Park 201134 | Retrospective | 30.0 (21–38) | 22.3 (17.0–33.0 | None | 14 | 12 | PCOS: n=6 | MA: n=12; MPA: n=2 |
| Kim 201118 | Retrospective | 38.4 (33–41) | 20.3 (11.4–36.7) | None | 5 | 5 | DM: n=1 | MPA+Mirena |
| Minig 201035 | Prospective | 34 (22–40) | 21 (17–41) | 20 | 14 | 29 | DM: n=1; HP: n=2; PCOS: n=4 |
LNG-IUS+GnRHa |
| Yu 200936 | Retrospective | CAH:29.9 EC:25.1 |
UK | 17 | 8 | UK | UK | MPA |
| Han 200937 | Retrospective | 32 (26–37) | UK | 3 | 7 | 9 | PCOS: n=8 Infertility: n=6 |
MA: n=7; MPA: n=2; Provera: n=1 |
| Hahn 200938 | Retrospective | 31 (21–43) | UK | None | 35 | 15 | Infertility:15 | MA: n=8; MPA: n=20; MPA+MA: n=7 |
| Signorelli 200839 | Prospective | 32 (21–40) | 27.7 (19–41) | 10 | 11 | UK | PCOS: n=5; Infertility: n=8; Hyperprolactinaemia: n=2. |
Natural progestin |
| Yamazawa 200740 | Prospective | 36 (28–40) | UK | None | 9 | 9 | Infertility: n=3 | MPA |
| Ushijima 200717 | Prospective | 31.7 (22–39) | 22.8 (16–32.7) | 17 | 28 | 45 | PCOS: n=7 | MPA+Aspirin |
| Yang 200541 | Prospective | 33 (27–39) | 21.9 (14.3–26.0) | None | 6 | 6 | Infertility: n=4 | MA |
| Yahata 200542 | Retrospective | 31.9 (26–37) | 25.4 (18–35) | None | 8 | 8 | MPA | |
| Gotlieb 200343 | Retrospective | 31 (23–40) | UK | None | 11 | 13 | Infertility: n=6 | MA: n=7; MPA: n=1; Others: n=3 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CA, chlormadinone acetate; CAH, complex atypical hyperplasia; DM, diabetes mellitus; EC, endometrial cancer; GnRHa, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist; HNPCC, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer; LNG-IUS, levonorgestrel intrauterine system; MA, megestrol acetate; MPA, medroxyprogesterone acetate; NA, nomegestrol acetate; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome; UK, unknow.